317 research outputs found
Gamma Limit for Transition Paths of Maximal Probability
Chemical reactions can be modelled via diffusion processes conditioned to
make a transition between specified molecular configurations representing the
state of the system before and after the chemical reaction. In particular the
model of Brownian dynamics - gradient flow subject to additive noise - is
frequently used. If the chemical reaction is specified to take place on a given
time interval, then the most likely path taken by the system is a minimizer of
the Onsager-Machlup functional. The Gamma limit of this functional is
determined in the case where the temperature is small and the transition time
scales as the inverse temperatur
Kullback--Leibler approximation for probability measures on infinite dimensional spaces
In a variety of applications it is important to extract information from a probability measure on an infinite dimensional space. Examples include the Bayesian approach to inverse problems and (possibly conditioned) continuous time Markov processes. It may then be of interest to find a measure , from within a simple class of measures, which approximates . This problem is studied in the case where the Kullback--Leibler divergence is employed to measure the quality of the approximation. A calculus of variations viewpoint is adopted, and the particular case where is chosen from the set of Gaussian measures is studied in detail. Basic existence and uniqueness theorems are established, together with properties of minimizing sequences. Furthermore, parameterization of the class of Gaussians through the mean and inverse covariance is introduced, the need for regularization is explained, and a regularized minimization is studied in detail. The calculus of variations framework resulting from this work provides the appropriate underpinning for computational algorithms
Kullback--Leibler approximation for probability measures on infinite dimensional spaces
In a variety of applications it is important to extract information from a probability measure on an infinite dimensional space. Examples include the Bayesian approach to inverse problems and (possibly conditioned) continuous time Markov processes. It may then be of interest to find a measure , from within a simple class of measures, which approximates . This problem is studied in the case where the Kullback--Leibler divergence is employed to measure the quality of the approximation. A calculus of variations viewpoint is adopted, and the particular case where is chosen from the set of Gaussian measures is studied in detail. Basic existence and uniqueness theorems are established, together with properties of minimizing sequences. Furthermore, parameterization of the class of Gaussians through the mean and inverse covariance is introduced, the need for regularization is explained, and a regularized minimization is studied in detail. The calculus of variations framework resulting from this work provides the appropriate underpinning for computational algorithms
Localization-delocalization transition for disordered cubic harmonic lattices
We study numerically the disorder-induced localization-delocalization phase
transitions that occur for mass and spring constant disorder in a
three-dimensional cubic lattice with harmonic couplings. We show that, while
the phase diagrams exhibit regions of stable and unstable waves, the
universality of the transitions is the same for mass and spring constant
disorder throughout all the phase boundaries. The combined value for the
critical exponent of the localization lengths of confirms the agreement with the universality class of
the standard electronic Anderson model of localization. We further support our
investigation with studies of the density of states, the participation numbers
and wave function statistics.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, 1 tabl
Inhibition of growth of OV-1063 human epithelial ovarian cancer xenografts in nude mice by treatment with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist SB-75.
Screened Coulomb interactions in metallic alloys: I. Universal screening in the atomic sphere approximation
We have used the locally self-consistent Green's function (LSGF) method in
supercell calculations to establish the distribution of the net charges
assigned to the atomic spheres of the alloy components in metallic alloys with
different compositions and degrees of order. This allows us to determine the
Madelung potential energy of a random alloy in the single-site mean field
approximation which makes the conventional single-site density-functional-
theory coherent potential approximation (SS-DFT-CPA) method practically
identical to the supercell LSGF method with a single-site local interaction
zone that yields an exact solution of the DFT problem. We demonstrate that the
basic mechanism which governs the charge distribution is the screening of the
net charges of the alloy components that makes the direct Coulomb interactions
short-ranged. In the atomic sphere approximation, this screening appears to be
almost independent of the alloy composition, lattice spacing, and crystal
structure. A formalism which allows a consistent treatment of the screened
Coulomb interactions within the single-site mean-filed approximation is
outlined. We also derive the contribution of the screened Coulomb interactions
to the S2 formalism and the generalized perturbation method.Comment: 28 pages, 8 figure
Electronic structure and x-ray magnetic dichroism in random substitutional alloys of f-electron elements
The Koringa-Kohn-Rostoker ācoherent-potential-approximation method combines multiple-scattering theory and the coherent-potential approximation to calculate the electronic structure of random substitutional alloys of transition metals. In this paper we describe the generalization of this theory to describe f-electron alloys. The theory is illustrated with a calculation of the electronic structure and magnetic dichroism curves for a random substitutional alloy containing rare-earth or actinide elements from first principles
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