Microbiological safety aspects of mangoes (Mangifera indica) and papayas (Carica papaya): a mini-review.

Abstract: This review describes several aspects related to microbiological safety in mangoes and papayas, such as incidence, outbreaks, internalisation and growth/survival of bacterial pathogens. Mangoes and papayas are often served sliced in food establishments in fresh pieces at salad bars, deli counters and as pulp juice. In general, these products do not undergo any process to eliminate pathogenic microorganisms before consumption, and a long shelf life could theoretically provide time for these microorganisms to multiply without affecting the organoleptic qualities of the fruit, thereby increasing the risks of food-borne illness. The data presented in this review show that low temperatures can impede microbial growth, but not completely inhibit such growth in mangoes and papayas. Highest growth rates were observed in the range between 22 and 37oC. In the last 20 years, several outbreaks of salmonellosis caused by these fruits or by food made with these fruits have been reported. The control of the temperature in the fruit washing water is important to prevent the internalisation of Salmonella spp. The implementation of strategies such as Good Agricultural Practices, Good Manufacturing Practices and Hazard Analysis Critical is important, as these methods can eliminate or significantly reduce microbial contamination. Resumo: Esta revisão descreve diversos aspectos relacionados à segurança microbiológica em manga e mamão papaya como; incidência, surtos, internalização e crescimento/sobrevivência de patógenos acterianos nestas frutas. Mangas e papayas são frequentemente servidas fatiadas em estabelecimentos alimentícios como pedaços frescos, em misturas para saladas, expostas em balcões e como polpas de frutas. No geral, estes produtos não passam por qualquer processo para eliminar microrganismos patogênicos antes do seu consumo e uma vida longa de prateleira poderia teoricamente fornecer tempo para que estes microrganismos se multipliquem sem afetar as qualidades organolépticas destas frutas e assim aumentar o risco de doenças de origem alimentar. Os dados apresentados nesta revisão mostram que baixas temperaturas podem diminuir o crescimento de microrganismos mas não inibi-los em mangas e papayas. Os melhores crescimentos foram observados na faixa de 22?37oC. Nos últimos 20 anos diversos surtos de salmonelose nestas frutas ou produtos feitos com as mesmas foram relatados. O controle da temperatura da água de lavagem de frutas é importante para prevenir a internalização de Salmonella spp. A implementação de estratégias como Boas Práticas Agrícolas, Boas Práticas de Produção e Análise Crítica de Pontos de Controle são importantes já que podem eliminar ou reduzir significantemente a contaminação microbiana

Subtle leakage of a Majorana mode into a quantum dot

We investigate quantum transport through a quantum dot connected to source and drain leads and side-coupled to a topological superconducting nanowire (Kitaev chain) sustaining Majorana end modes. Using a recursive Green's function approach, we determine the local density of states (LDOS) of the system and find that the end Majorana mode of the wire leaks into the dot thus emerging as a unique dot level {\it pinned} to the Fermi energy $\varepsilon_F$ of the leads. Surprisingly, this resonance pinning, resembling in this sense a "Kondo resonance", occurs even when the gate-controlled dot level $\varepsilon_\text{dot}(V_g)$ is far above or far below $\varepsilon_F$. The calculated conductance $G$ of the dot exhibits an unambiguous signature for the Majorana end mode of the wire: in essence, an off-resonance dot [$\varepsilon_\text{dot}(V_g)\neq \varepsilon_F$], which should have $G=0$, shows instead a conductance $e^2/2h$ over a wide range of $V_g$, due to this pinned dot mode. Interestingly, this pinning effect only occurs when the dot level is coupled to a Majorana mode; ordinary fermionic modes (e.g., disorder) in the wire simply split and broaden (if a continuum) the dot level. We discuss experimental scenarios to probe Majorana modes in wires via these leaked/pinned dot modes.Comment: 3 figures, 5 pages, published in Phys. Rev. B (Editors' suggestion

Measuring Brazilian Inequality Using the Gender Inequality Index

Gender inequality is a common feature shared by all countries, in different degrees. Its importance is evident in the United Nations 2030 Agenda. The Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 5 is mainly dedicated to it. However, for its multidimensional features, different SDGs include it among their targets, the third (health), fourth (education), and tenth (labor) goals in particular. A composite index better describes multiple disparities. In this paper, the Gender Inequality Index (GII), presented in the 2010 Human Development Report, is discussed and then calculated for the Brazilian Federation Units. Its dimensions, health, empowerment, and economic activity cover three crucial dimensions of gender inequality. The GII contributes to evaluate how inequality lowers human development among countries and within a country, as presented in this study. Even though its complex methodology, it is an important tool for policy guidance

Primeiro registro de Seticornuta Morley (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Metopiinae) do Brasil e descrição de uma nova espécie.

A new species of Seticornuta from Brazil is described and illustrated, the frst record of this genus for the Brazilian fauna. This new species was found in a study that aimed to enhance knowledge of the Brazilian fauna of Metopiinae, analysing samples from the hydrographic basin of Rio Mogi Guaçu. A diagnosis, along with distribution information for Seticornuta species are provided

Helical edge states in multiple topological mass domains

The two-dimensional topological insulating phase has been experimentally discovered in HgTe quantum wells (QWs). The low-energy physics of two-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is described by the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model, where the realization of a topological or a normal insulating phase depends on the Dirac mass being negative or positive, respectively. We solve the BHZ model for a mass domain configuration, analyzing the effects on the edge modes of a finite Dirac mass in the normal insulating region (soft-wall boundary condition). We show that at a boundary between a TI and a normal insulator (NI), the Dirac point of the edge states appearing at the interface strongly depends on the ratio between the Dirac masses in the two regions. We also consider the case of multiple boundaries such as NI/TI/NI, TI/NI/TI and NI/TI/NI/TI.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure

Helical edge states in multiple topological mass domains

The two-dimensional topological insulating phase has been experimentally discovered in HgTe quantum wells (QWs). The low-energy physics of two-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) is described by the Bernevig-Hughes-Zhang (BHZ) model, where the realization of a topological or a normal insulating phase depends on the Dirac mass being negative or positive, respectively. We solve the BHZ model for a mass domain configuration, analyzing the effects on the edge modes of a finite Dirac mass in the normal insulating region (soft-wall boundary condition). We show that at a boundary between a TI and a normal insulator (NI), the Dirac point of the edge states appearing at the interface strongly depends on the ratio between the Dirac masses in the two regions. We also consider the case of multiple boundaries such as NI/TI/NI, TI/NI/TI and NI/TI/NI/TI.Comment: 11 pages, 15 figure

Perfil de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana e comportamento de Listeria monocytogenes em queijo Minas Frescal.

bitstream/item/74468/1/pub-193.pd

Desenvolvimento de metodologia para detecção simultânea de organismo geneticamente modificado e de patógenos em extrato hidrossolúvel de soja.

bitstream/item/75059/1/pub-130.pd

Desenvolvimento de metodologia para detecção simultânea de organismo geneticamente modificado e de patógenos em extrato hidrossolúvel de soja.

bitstream/item/83118/1/2012-310.pd