Are the Health of the Nation's targets attainable? Postal survey of general practitioners' views

The Health of the Nation's targets were introduced by the government in 1992 as part of a strategic approach to health.1 We aimed, in 1996, to elicit the views of general practitioners on the attainability of these targets

Pengaruhpupuk Kandang Ayam Terhadap Serapan Fosfordan Hasil Tanamankubis Bunga (Brassica Oleraceavar. Botrytis L.) Pada Oxicdystrudepts Lembantongoa

This research aimed to identify the effect of different rates of chicken manure on phosphorous uptake (P) and cauliflower yield in Oxic dystrudepts of Lemban Tongoa. This research was aranged a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the chicken manure rates as the treatments i.e. control or with no chicken manure added, 10 t ha-1, 15 t ha-1, 20 t ha-1, 25 t ha-1, 30 t ha-1, and 35 t ha-1. Each treatment was replicated three times, there were 21 experimental units. The result of research showed that adding chicken manure can increase plant uptake of P, this is in line with the significantly increasing plant dried weight and phosphor concentration in the plant tissue. The addition of chicken manure can increase pH (H2O), C-organic content, P-total and P-available but decrease Al-exchangeable

Hubungan Pengetahuan Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Yang Anaknya Di Rawat Rsup Prof. Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado

. Knowledge is the result of the idea and someone did this happen after sensing on a particular object. Anxiety is a normal thing that happens in the growth, changes, new experiences and discoveries can accompany meaning of life and self-identity. The higher one's education will be more easily and able to deal with stress.Individually anxious can interfere especially with the lack of knowledge of the problems faced. The purpose of this study is to find the relationship of knowledge about dengue fever with a mother whose son is anxiety levels treated parts department Prof children Dr. R. D. Kandou Manado. This study used a questionnaire rating their knowledge and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HARS) with a sample of 71 respondents.Based on the results of the study found that there are 32 good knowledgeable mothers (45,07%) were knowledgeable mothers 39 (54,93%). While there were 59 maternal anxiety (83,10%) severe anxiety, there were 12 mothers (16,90%). Based on statistics by using Fisher's Exact Test is used as an alternative test of the Chi Square test are not eligible where one column value must be at least 5,41. Based on the analysis at 95% confidence level and error rate α = 0.05 shows the p-value = 0.000 <α = 0.05 level. Therefore we can conclude that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted that there is a significant correlation between maternal knowledge about dengue fever with maternal anxiety levels that treated her son Prof parts. Dr. R. D.Kandou Manado

Structural Model Of Counseling Competence

Counseling competence is a set of essential abilities which is prominent to be employed in conducting counseling. This counseling competence research took students of counseling as a counselor candidate. This study aims to analyze the correlation between basic knowledge, basic communication skill, and cultural skill to the counseling competence. This work used Ex Post Facto Causal Relationship Explanatory research design. The research subjects were 120 students of Department of Guidance and Counseling from three State Universities in Java Island. Samples were taken by using cluster random sampling technique. The data analysis was conducted through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. The research results show that there is a significant relationship between knowledge, basic attitude, basic communication skill and cultural skill to the counseling competence. The implication of this research finding to the education of the Department of Guidance and Counseling is the significance of considering the factors forming the academic counseling competence to produce the professional counselor candidate

Usefulness of gene expression profiling of bronchoalveolar lavage cells in acute lung allograft rejection.

BackgroundChronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the main limitation to long-term survival after lung transplantation. Because effective therapies are lacking, early identification and mitigation of risk factors is a pragmatic approach to improve outcomes. Acute cellular rejection (ACR) is the most pervasive risk factor for CLAD, but diagnosis requires transbronchial biopsy, which carries risks. We hypothesized that gene expression in the bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cell pellet (CP) could replace biopsy and inform on mechanisms of CLAD.MethodsWe performed RNA sequencing on BAL CPs from 219 lung transplant recipients with A-grade ACR (n = 61), lymphocytic bronchiolitis (n = 58), infection (n = 41), or no rejection/infection (n = 59). Differential gene expression was based on absolute fold difference &gt;2.0 and Benjamini-adjusted p-value ≤0.05. We used the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery Bioinformatics Resource for pathway analyses. For classifier modeling, samples were randomly split into training (n = 154) and testing sets (n = 65). A logistic regression model using recursive feature elimination and 5-fold cross-validation was trained to optimize area under the curve (AUC).ResultsDifferential gene expression identified 72 genes. Enriched pathways included T-cell receptor signaling, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction. A 4-gene model (AUC = 0.72) and classification threshold defined in the training set exhibited fair performance in the testing set; accuracy was 76%, specificity 82%, and sensitivity 60%. In addition, classification as ACR was associated with worse CLAD-free survival (hazard ratio = 2.42; 95% confidence interval = 1.29-4.53).ConclusionsBAL CP gene expression during ACR is enriched for immune response pathways and shows promise as a diagnostic tool for ACR, especially ACR that is a precursor of CLAD

Networks among agricultural stakeholders in the southwestern highlands of Uganda

The aim of this study was to explore the interactions that exist among agricultural stakeholders in the southwestern highlands of Uganda as a way of identifying opportunities and gaps for operation of Innovation Platforms (IPs) under the proof of concept of Integrated Agricultural Research for Development (IAR4D) research project. The specific objectives were to (i) characterize the agricultural stakeholders in the study sites (ii) determine the nature, diversity and relative importance of horizontal and vertical networks that exist among stakeholders in the Southwestern Highlands of Uganda. Data were collected from both stakeholder analysis and household interviews in Kabale and Kisoro Districts. Results show that extension staff, local governments and farmer groups accounted for approximately 75% of all categories of stakeholders in the area. Most of these organizations started after 10 to 15 years ago following the return of relative political stability in Uganda. Generally, stakeholder interactions in site with limited ARD intervention are more limited compared to their high-intervention counterparts. Sites with “good” market access have more institutions operating there but majority are isolated from each other. At household level, an individual household has networks with approximately two different organizations most of which are farmer groups or credit associations. The greatest proportion of horizontal networks that a household has is with fellow farmers. In order to make the value chain complete, establishment of IPs should pay special attention to including the private sector such as input and produce dealers. Facilitating IP actors to identify critical challenges and opportunities, and effectively articulate them will ensure cohesion. It is also critical to periodically monitor and evaluate stakeholders in terms of the quality of the networks to minimize conflict situations