Robust linear classifier for unequal cost ratios of misclassification

This paper focuses on the robust classification procedures when the assumption of equal cost of misclassification is violated. A normal distribution based data set is generated using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) version 9.1. Using Barlett's approximation to chi-square, the data set was found to be homogenous and was subjected to three linear classifiers namely: Maximum Likelihood Discriminant Function (MLDF), Fisher's linear Discriminant Function and Distance Based Discriminant Function. To Judge the performances of these procedures, the Apparent Error Rates for each procedure is obtained for different cost ratios 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5 and sample sizes 5:5, 10:10, 20:20, 30:30, and 50:50. The results shows that the three procedures are insensitive to cost ratio exceeding ratio 1:2 and that MLDF was observed as robust discriminant function among classification functions considered

First report of Rice stripe necrosis virus infecting rice in Benin

International audienc

The Idea of Subsidies in the New Russian State Policy

The main goals of social and economic modernization, manifested by the Russian government in social policy have been studied. The basic cause of Russia losing its advantages in the social policy implementation is outlined. The Federal Law on the reform in the public sector has been analyzed. The shortcomings and problems affecting the introduction of this law into effect have been detected

Kinship Structures and Social Justice in Sub-Saharan Africa

A major obstacle to the development of sustainable democratic systems of government in contemporary sub-Saharan African states is the difficulty in articulating an adequate conception of social justice to serve as a guiding principle in these polities. This difficulty is a consequence of the ethnically heterogeneous character of most of these states. This article argues that while in traditional sub-Saharan African communities social justice is largely based on kinship relations, that traditional framework is too narrow to serve as the basis for the articulation of this important notion in these ethnically pluralistic polities. Consequently, even though kinship relations ought to be retained in the articulation of social justice in these states, the conception of kinship needs to be broadened to transcend simple familial or ancestral relations. Key WordsSub-Saharan Africa, kinship relations, ancestors, social justice, democracy, globalisation, colonialis

INFLUENCE OF HOME AND SCHOOL ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON CUMULATIVE CHILDREN LEARNING IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS

Several studies examined the relationship which exists among home, school, learners and teacher-related factors and academic performance in different subjects at various levels of education. Intriguingly, there seems to be meager literature and diverse opinions on how majority of these factors affect children cumulative learning in classroom instructional process at the primary school level. This study therefore examined the influence of home and school environmental factors on cumulative children learning in primary schools. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Four research hypotheses guided the study. A sample size of 150 pupils eventually participated from five (5) schools in Ijebu-Ode Local Government Area of Ogun State. The Home and School-Related Factors Scale HS-RFS) and Primary Schools Cumulative Results (PSCRs) were used to gather data for the study while Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Multiple Regression statistical tools were used for data analysis. The results showed that there is significant correlation between home and school environmental factors and children cumulative learning in primary schools (Home Environment: B = .236 (23.6%), P<0.05; School Facilities: B = .205 (20.5%), P<0.05; School Location: B = .135 (13.5%), P<0.05). In view of the findings, it is recommended that communities, school administrators and government representatives still need to work collaboratively to improve on those factors which contribute to pupils learning in order to enhance the output from curriculum instructional process in primary schools.  Article visualizations

Haemoglobin genotype, ABO and rhesus blood group pattern among students of Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology Ikere, Ekitis state, Nigeria

Background: The two most significant blood group systems of clinical importance are ABO and rhesus. An essential blood component that determines haemoglobinopathies is haemoglobin genotype. The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of haemoglobin genotypes, ABO and rhesus blood groups pattern among students of Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology Ikere (BOUESTI), Ekiti state.  Methods: Two thousand (2,000) samples comprising 840 (42%) males and 1,160 (58%) females were recruited for this study. The ABO blood group was determined using tile method, while the haemoglobin genotype was determined using haemoglobin electrophoresis. Data analysis was done using simple percentage and Chi square test.Results: The results obtained showed that out of the two thousand subjects that participated in this study, 1,448 (72.4%) of the subjects had HbAA, 452 (22.6%) had HbAS, 72 (3.6%) had HbAC, 20 (1%) had HbSS and 8 (0.4%) had HbSC. The distribution of ABO blood groups of the subjects were; blood group O (53.6%), blood group B (26.6%), blood group A (17.8%) and blood group AB (2.0%). Furthermore, 96.0% of the subjects were rhesus ‘D’ positive, while 4.0% were rhesus ‘D’ negative. There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the haemoglobin genotypes and ABO blood groups of the subjects with respect to age and sex.Conclusions: The study concludes that the distribution of ABO blood group in the study population was given by O>B>A>AB, while the genotype was given by AA>AS>AC>SS>SC respectively. Continued haemoglobin genotype test and premarital counselling of potential couples is highly recommended

Awareness and use of electronic databases by postgraduates in the University of Ibadan

Globalisation through modern information and communication technology (ICT) is revolutionising the conduct of teaching and research in universities all over the world, particularly in developing countries such as Nigeria. One significant impact of globalisation, information and communication technology on teaching and research in developing countries is access to global information resources by researchers and postgraduate students of the universities. The university remains a centre of excellence, a citadel of learning, and more importantly the epitome of research

Modelling And Simulation of Voice Over Internet Protocol (Voip) Over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

The adoption of Voice over Wireless Local Area Network is on tremendous increase due to its ease, non-intrusive and inexpensive deployment, low maintenance cost, universal coverage and basic roaming capabilities. However, deploying Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) over Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) is a challenging task for many network managers, architects, planners, designers and engineers, hence the need for a guideline to design, model and simulate the network before deployment. This work analyzed parameters such as latency, jitter, packet loss, codec, bandwidth, throughput, voice data length and de-jitter buffer size, which quantify the quality of degradation over the network. The analytical mathematical E-model was used to predict the readiness of the existing network to support VoIP. The Transmission Rating Factor R was calculated as 85.08 indicating a high speech quality and excellent user satisfaction. Riverbed Modeller Academic Edition was used to model and simulate the network. Results from this project work show that VoIP can be successfully deployed on WLAN with perceived high speech quality, user’s satisfaction, low delay and high throughput

Awareness and use of electronic databases by postgraduates in the University of Ibadan.

This study investigated the awareness and use of electronic databases by postgraduates in the University of Ibadan. A descriptive survey research design was adopted and questionnaire was used for data collection. The sample for the study was drawn from the population through simple Random sampling technique, and a total of 131 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved and analyzed with simple percentage, mean, mean ratings and standard deviation. Findings showed that 66.4% of the postgraduate students were generally aware of electronic databases but very few of the students were aware of each of the electronic databases that were available in the university. It was discovered that majority of the respondents used electronic databases to a high extent for carrying research work, literature searching, generate new information and to update knowledge. Results from the analysis also showed that the frequent use of the electronic databases by postgraduate students was low. The major hindrances to using electronic databases were found to be slow internet connectivity, incessant power outrage, no access to full text of citation/abstracts and inadequate infrastructure for accessing electronic resources It was recommended that librarians should make these electronic databases known to postgraduate students by educating them on its uses and benefits and to develop their information retrieval skills