Effective Invigilation as a Panacea for Examination Malpractices among Students of Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

Examination by whatever name it is called is very important to educational system as air is important to life Examination serves very many useful purposes at any education system and level The useful purposes of examination at any education system can be marred by its conduct especially if it allowed for examination malpractice Examination malpractice is one of the plagues that be devilled tertiary institutions in Nigeria Examination malpractice in the tertiary institutions is on the increase daily taking different forms and dimensions However the menace thrives well when examination invigilation is very slack Examination invigilation rests solely on invigilators and other stakeholders in the conduct of examinations invigilation Therefore examination invigilators determine the quality of examination invigilation Effective invigilation of examination can only be made possible through effective invigilators who will reduce if not totally eradicate the menace of examination malpractice and this is the thrust of this pape

Complimentary Image Processing Techniques: Critical Review with C#

Image Enhancement is one of the most essential and laborious techniques in image researches. The scheme of image enhancement is to improve the visual semblance of an image, or to afford a “correct transform representation for future automated image processing. Many images like medical images, satellite images, aerial images and even real life photographs suffer from indigent contrast and noise. It is necessary to enhance the contrast and remove the noise to enhance image quality. One of the most significant stages in medical images detection and analysis is Image Enhancement techniques which improves the quality (clearness) of images for human look, removing blurring and noise, increasing contrast, and unveil details are examples of enhancement operations. The enhancement technique varies from one field to another according to its objective. The existent techniques of image enhancement can be classified into two categories: Spatial Domain and Frequency domain enhancement. In this research, we present an overview of image enhancement projection techniques in spatial domain. More specifically, we categorise processing methods based typical techniques of Image enhancement. Thus the contribution of this paper is to arrange and review image enhancement procedure techniques, attempt an evaluation of shortcomings and universal needs in this field of active research and in last we will stage out promising directions on research for image enhancement for prospective research. Keywords: Frequency based domain enhancement, Image Enhancement, Spatial based domain enhancement, Histogram Equalization

Awareness and adoption levels of improved smoking oven among fish processors in Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria

This paper investigated awareness and adoption levels of improved smoking oven among fish processors in four fishing communities along Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to select 153 respondents who were engaged in fish smoking. Data collected using structured interview guides were subjected to descriptive and inferential analyses. Results revealed that majority of the respondents were young, married women with average fish smoking experience of 22.6 years. Majority (90.8%) of them were solely engaged in fish smoking while 9.2% combined fish smoking with other income-generating activities. All the processors used traditional smoking oven (drum, box and mud ovens). More than 66.0% of the fish processors were not aware of improved fish smoking equipment. Lack of awareness, inadequate access to the technologies, low relative advantage and lack of maintenance services and high cost of procurement were responsible for low adoption levels of improved smoking oven. Irregular visits of extension agents to the study area had negative impact on the adoption of improved traditional smoking ovens. Proper dissemination of innovations developed on improved fish processing equipment to the active fish processors in Lagos State using available communication channels is hereby advocated. &nbsp

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF THE POTENTIAL OF LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS IN VAPOUR COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM

The essence of refrigeration systems cannot be overemphasized especially in this part of the globe. Perishable items are to be preserved for some periods before usage while human comfort should also be also be paramount since we are in the northern hemisphere of the globe. The device hat doe this uses refrigerants as working fluids which are traditional harmful to human beings through depletion of the ozone layer. Majorly Ozone layer protects the earth from warming which could lead to flooding. Common economical refrigerants like CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) have been discovered to be harmful to the earth. This article therefore, experimented the quantity replacement of CFCs with Liquefied Petroleum Gas in various mixes. The LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) used consists a mixture of propane and butane in the ratio 6:4 by mass. The blend of the two refrigerants were shaped essentially by blending at least two single-part refrigerants, the GWP (Global Warming Potentials) of a refrigerant mix is the mass-weighted normal of GWPs of individual parts in the mix. That is, to compute the GWP of a mix, one essentially adds the GWP of the singular parts with respect to their (GWP (LPG) x M (LPG)) + (GWP(R-134a) x M(R-134a)) = GWP (blend). From the evaluated GWP of the 6 different % mass composition, the % mass of (100%/0%) was the only refrigerant to adhere to the preferred GWP<150. The mass composition of blend (100%/0%) LPG/R-134a was first performed. In-order to achieve this, 8kg of each of the refrigerant was used. The blend was formed in an empty cylinder which was measured as 2482g with the aid of a digital beam balance, by gradually injecting LPG into the empty cylinder till the mass percentage of the 2000g entered, making the mass read as 4,482g (i.e., 2482g of the empty cylinder + 2000g of LPG). Based on the above observations, it could be inferred that the COP (Coefficient of Performance) of mixed refrigerants blends was higher than that of R-134a indicating that each of the blend exhibit higher performance. The experiment discovered that LPG could be used in the place of R134a without affecting the operation efficiency of a vapor compression refrigeration system. The study concludes that LPG offers the best alternative when the COP and flammability are combined as performance metric

Implementation of Micro-Controller Based Adaptive Motion Detection for Industrial Monitoring System

Industrial system has become concurrent research focus in most developed counties being an ultimate source of revenue benefited by citizens. This project emphasized on implementation of micro-controller based adaptive motion detection for industrial monitoring system as a factor that determines synergy and sustainability of industrial management. The camera will be interface with PC to detect the presence of object and report production activities through image capture and enable video stream for monitoring. The design is to create interface link between Microcontroller AVR PC, ATMEG16 and camera C3088. The PC will establish bi-directional communication with AVR while using I2C communication protocol is used to interface camera and AVR.  The industrial feedback process will be control with AVR based on adaptive motion detection from installed camera. The captured image obtain from the camera can be use for surveillance or can be process for image processing purpose in industries and organizations. Keywords: Lighting, LED, economic usage, light energy, detectio

Impact of Contractors’ Prequalification Criteria on Civil Engineering Project Quality Performance

Considering the high premium placed on quality by clients, this study was set to reveal the importance as well as the impact of contractors\u27 prequalification criteria on quality performance of civil engineering project. Its purpose was to proffer solution to the quality problem associated with civil engineering project of the construction industry by enabling the client and consultants saddled with the responsibility of selecting contractors to identify the set of criteria that can produce project of expected quality standard. The data used was solicited from Quantity Surveyors and Civil/Structural Engineers expressing client\u27s opinion. The data were analysed by employing regression method. Results showed that contractors\u27 prequalification criteria reflect two different forms of relationship with quality performance of civil engineering project. Hence, contractor\u27s prequalification criteria affect quality performance of civil engineering project in different ways. Ability of contractors\u27 prequalification criteria to predict the quality performance of civil engineering project differs from one and another. Some of the contractors\u27 prequalification criteria emerged as weak predictors while some proved to be strong predictors of quality performance of civil engineering project. Consequently, it recommended that less attention be accorded the weak predictors as a result of having insignificant impact on quality performance of civil engineering project. Emphasis should be on the strong predictors of quality performance because they have significant impact on quality performance of civil engineering project

Development of a Proactive Fault Diagnosis for Critical System

Large-scale network environments, such as the Internet, are characterized by the presence of various devices connected at various remote locations. There is a scenario of main office connected to different branch offices in another town and cities, with the presence of central administrative system at the main office. Any problem at branches is reported to the main office, due to availability of enough resources there. However, few support tools have been developed to allow the administrators at the central office to remotely control and monitor the computers at the branches. Even, in local area network environment, diagnosing the computers on the network is always a big problem for the administrator, as he/she moves from one computer to another, running the diagnostic program and collecting report for each machine tested. This is strenuous and time consuming. To help address these problems, I have employed the concept of mobile agent to design an architecture that can remotely perform various checks and tests on computers on network, and report its findings to the server administrator as central location. This architecture was implemented with Java, using Jini lookup service to establish communication between the computers. The agent tasks were implemented in C programming language. The result of this research work shows that the use of mobile agent for remote maintenance of computers on network was found to provide an improved, efficient, and dynamic diagnostic management system. All the same, it has proven to be a substantive contributor to efficient network management

Numerical Simulation of Temperature Distribution in A Tri-Cycle Engine Piston

This present study will focus on temperature distribution and heat transfer rate which are of much importance especially in spark ignition (SI) engines. This was achieved by formulating a model for analyzing the temperature distribution in an internal combustion engines piston as well as simulates the obtained results using COMSOL- Multiphysics.Pistons as one of the most complex components among all automotives and other industry field components are designed to withstand damage caused due to extreme heat and pressure of combustion process. Many of experimental studies regarding the internal combustion engines process have been carried out, but few had only focused on the numerical studies like stress distribution, thermal and heat transfer analysis. This present study focuses on a 3-D transient state temperature distribution analysis on a gasoline piston model of a tri-cycle. Mathematical model was formulated, solved and simulated using a Finite Element Method (FEM) in-built in the COMSOL Multiphysics software 4.3a to determine the temperature distribution and gradient of the piston model ranging from 523K – 673K. The parameters used for the simulation were liquid (Gasoline), Gases (Air) and Aluminium alloy UNSA96061 (Piston). The Completed mesh tetrahedral consists of 86225 elements and the number of degrees of freedom solved for were 18553 in 367 s (6 minutes, 7 seconds) in the mesh optimization. It was discovered from the results obtained that the temperature in the combustion chamber of the tricycle engine varies with respect to time, along the piston.The transient analysis from the time dependent solver revealed that the temperature of the piston at the TDC (Top Dead Centre) in the first power stroke is higher compared to the subsequent power strokes, which is an indication that more heat was transfer at subsequent power strokes. Probable recommendations were later made.Self-sponsore

Asphaltene detection using Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)

Peer reviewedPostprin

Assessment of Factors Responsible for the Choice of Contractors’ Prequalification Criteria for Civil Engineering Project: Consultants’ Perspective

It is not uncommon, during contractor selection process, for prequalifier's decisions to be informed by certain parameters. In the light of this, the choice of the criteria to be eventually adopted depends on factors that play complimentary role when the contractor is to be selected. Therefore, this study assesses the factors that determine the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project. The purpose is to bring the unrecognised factors into limelight by establishing the degree of their relevance on the choice of contractor's prequalification criteria as well as ascertaining their importance to meeting stakeholder's objectives. The objectives include identifying the factors which determine the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project and assess the importance of the factors to meeting stakeholders' expectation. The study employ well-structured questionnaire distributed to various category of respondents comprising Civil/Structural Engineers, Quantity Surveyors and Architects engaging in civil engineering project. It adopts percentile, mean item score (MIS) and relative importance index (RII) in the analysis of the data derived from the retrieved questionnaire. Result indicates that, apart from Civil/Structural Engineers, employment into civil engineering organizations favours Quantity Surveyors than Architects. Construction of building is paramount among civil engineering organizations with little involvement in railway project. The choice of contractors' prequalification criteria for civil engineering project is dictated by a number of factors with project type emerging the most influential. Importance of the factors touches the client, consultants and contractor. It recommends that Quantity Surveyors should embrace continuous professional development. Factors influencing the choice of contractors' prequalification criteria must be duly considered before taking final decision on the criterion/criteria to adopt in choosing the contractor for civil engineering project prioritizing project type