Memahami Tentang Beberapa Konsep Politik (suatu Telaah dari Sistem Politik)

Politik pada dasarnya merupakan suatu fenomena yang sangat berkaitan dengan manusia, yang pada kodratnya selalu hidup bermasyarakat. Manusia adalah makhluk sosial, makhluk yang dinamis dan berkembang, serta selalu menyesuaikan keadaan sekitarnya. Sebagai anggota masyarakat, seseorang atau kelompok tentu terikat oleh nilai-nilai dan aturan-aturan umum yang diakui dan dianut oleh masyarakat itu. Oleh karena itu, politik akan selalu menggejala, mewujudkan dirinya dalam rangka proses perkembangan manusia. Dengan keterkaitan hal di atas, maka manusia inti utama realitas politik, apapun alasannya pengamatan atau analisa politik tidak dapat begitu saja meninggalkan manusia. Ini menunjukkan bahwa hakekat politik adalah perilaku manusia, baik berupa aktivitas atau pun sikap yang bertujuan mempengaruhi atau mempertahankan tatanan sebuah masyarakat dengan menggunakan kekuasaan. Penyelenggaraan kekuasaan secara konstitusional adalah mencakup pembagian kekuasaan politik yang mencakup masalah: sumber kekuasaan politik, proses legitimasi, pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi, penyelenggaraan kekuasaan, fungsi-fungsi kekuasaan/tugas ringan dan tujuan politik yang mudah dicapai

On the radial linear stability of nonrelativistic ℓ\ell-boson stars

We study the linear stability of nonrelativistic $\ell$-boson stars, describing static, spherically symmetric configurations of the Schr\"odinger-Poisson system with multiple wave functions having the same value of the angular momentum $\ell$. In this work we restrict our analysis to time-dependent perturbations of the radial profiles of the $2\ell+1$ wave functions, keeping their angular dependency fixed. Based on a combination of analytic and numerical methods, we find that for each $\ell$, the ground state is linearly stable, whereas the $n$'th excited states possess $2n$ unstable (exponentially in time growing) modes. Our results also indicate that all excited states correspond to saddle points of the conserved energy functional of the theory.Comment: 21+1 pages, 7 figures, 5 table

Are nonrelativistic ground state ℓ\ell-boson stars only stable for ℓ=0\ell=0 and ℓ=1\ell=1?

In previous work we analyzed the linear stability of non-relativistic $\ell$-boson stars with respect to radial modes and showed that ground state configurations are stable with respect to these modes, whereas excited states are unstable. In this work we extend the analysis to non-spherical linear mode perturbations. To this purpose, we expand the wave function in terms of tensor spherical harmonics which allows us to decouple the perturbation equations into a family of radial problems. By using a combination of analytic and numerical methods, we show that ground state configurations with $\ell > 1$ possess exponentially in time growing non-radial modes, whereas only oscillating modes are found for $\ell=0$ and $\ell=1$. This leads us to conjecture that nonrelativistic $\ell$-boson stars in their ground state are stable for $\ell=1$ as well as $\ell=0$, while ground state and excited configurations with $\ell > 1$ are unstable.Comment: 21 pages, 5 figures, 2 table

Estrogens Regulate Placental Angiogenesis in Horses

A sufficient vascular network within the feto-maternal interface is necessary for placental function. Several pregnancy abnormalities have been associated with abnormal vascular formations in the placenta. We hypothesized that growth and expansion of the placental vascular network in the equine (Equus caballus) placenta is regulated by estrogens (estrogen family hormones), a hormone with a high circulating concentration during equine gestation. Administration of letrozole, a potent and specific inhibitor of aromatase, during the first trimester (D30 to D118), decreased circulatory estrone sulfate concentrations, increased circulatory testosterone and androstenedione concentrations, and tended to reduce the weight of the fetus (p \u3c 0.1). Moreover, the gene expression of CYP17A1 was increased, and the expression of androgen receptor was decreased in the D120 chorioallantois (CA) of letrozole-treated mares in comparison to that of the control mares. We also found that at D120, the number of vessels tended to decrease in the CAs with letrozole treatment (p = 0.07). In addition, expression of a subset of angiogenic genes, such as ANGPT1, VEGF, and NOS2, were altered in the CAs of letrozole-treated mares. We further demonstrated that 17β-estradiol increases the expression of ANGPT1 and VEGF and increases the angiogenic activity of equine endothelial cells in vitro. Our results from the estrogen-suppressed group demonstrated an impaired placental vascular network, suggesting an estrogen-dependent vasculogenesis in the equine CA during the first trimester

Epstein–Barr virus renders the infected natural killer cell line, NKL resistant to doxorubicin-induced apoptosis

We established two Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)-infected NKL sublines, which acquired stress resistant phenotype against DNA damage and starvation compared with EBV-negative NKL. EBV-rendered doxorubicin resistance at least partially through NF-κB activation and the resultant sustenance of antiapoptotic proteins including Bcl-XL and FLIPL/S