Effect of Structured Educational Session about Gestational Diabetes on Maternity Nurse’s Knowledge at Selected Primary Health Care Hospitals, Egypt

Gestational Diabetes (GD) has been recognized as a complication of pregnancy that will resolve after childbirth, but recent research has identified that this diagnosis may signify a lifetime of health issues. Its risk can be minimized if it properly managed. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of structured educational session on staff nurse’s knowledge about gestational diabetes. A quasi experimental design was used to conduct the study. A convenience sample of 43 maternity nurses who provide care for women during childbearing period under the supervision of the Ministry of Health from different seven primary health hospitals in Giza governorate, Egypt. Data was collected by using self-administered close ended questionnaire which consisted of two parts: socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge assessment schedule (Pre-Post assessment). The educational session implemented seven times through a period of eight weeks to cover seven hospitals at Giza governorate. There was a significant improvement of the nurses’ knowledge regarding GDM after the educational session which included definition, classification, diagnosis, risk factors and complication (p = 0.000 for each). Also the knowledge of the participants was significantly improved after the educational session regarding nursing management of GDM. This included diet, what to do with high or low blood glucose, how to count fetal movement and benefit of exercise (p= 0.000 for each). The total knowledge score increased significantly after the educational session (P = 0.000). This study demonstrated knowledge gap and inadequate practice by antenatal care givers in the management of gestational diabetes mellitus in the primary health care sector, and the educational session has a significant impact on nurse’s knowledge regarding GDM. Keywords: gestational diabetes, maternity nurse, educational sessio

Epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in culture-positive hospitalized patients in selected hospitals in Khartoum, Sudan

Objective: To study the prevelence of antibiotic resistance and the prevalent bacterial isolates in hospitalized patients in Khartoum hospitals. Materials & Methods: A cross-sectional prevalence study was carried out during the period of April–November 2015 in Khartoum; 226 bacterial cultures were included. Identification of isolates using standard biochemical tests and antibiotic susceptibilities were determined using disc diffusion method. Results were interpreted according to the standards of the British society of antimicrobial chemotherapy. Results: Eight bacterial species were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., and Acinetobacter spp. S. aureus was the most prevalent, the majority of which were resistant to methicillin/oxacillin (MRSA). Cultures in our study were mainly from urine (36.7%), blood samples (37.2%), and wound cultures (19%). More than 90% of the tested isolates were resistant to cefuroxime; 54% and 73.8% of Gram-positive and Gram-negative isolates, respectively, were resistant to ceftazidime. Furthermore, there was a high meropenem resistance among Gram-negative isolates tested. Multi-resistant Acinetobacter spp. as well as vancomycin-resistant S. aureus was isolated. Gram-negative isolates showed good susceptibilities to aminoglycosides as well as ciprofloxacin. However, the high resistance rate to these antibiotics was observed in Gram-positive isolates in these hospitals. Conclusion: Methicillin-resistant S. aureus was the most prevalent organism. Gramnegative isolates showed good susceptibilities to aminoglycosides and ciprofloxacin. There were high resistance rates to cefuroxime, ceftazidime, and meropenem. Five vancomycin-resistant S. aureus were identified

Neutrosophic Non-linear Regression based on Kuhn-Tucker Necessary Conditions

Correlation coefficient and regression analysis are the most applied statistical approaches accessible in numerous disciplines due to its applicability and relevance. The neutrosophic sets found their place into recent research, whereas the world is full of indeterminacy. Kuhn-Tuckers necessary conditions are used to obtain the estimated parameters for non-linear regression models. This estimation procedure can use for any data set of non-linear regression models. We present, in this paper, the concepts of neutrosophic correlation and non-linear regression based on Kuhn-Tuckers necessary conditions. we provide some comparative studies between single-valued neutrosophic set and interval-valued neutrosophic set. Next, we apply scoring methods by different research. Numerical example is given to explain the result presented in this study. The results showed that the proposed approach can yield a fitting curve for any data set in neutrosophic environment

Angiogenic biomarkers in children with congenital heart disease: possible implications

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), platelet derived endothelial cell growth factor/thymidine phosphorylase (PD-ECGF/TP) and leptin are known as potent angiogenic factors The objective of the study was to evaluate these angiogenic factors VEGF, PD-ECGF/TP and leptin in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) and the factors that lead to angiogenesis in such cases.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Sixty CHD children were studied and divided into two groups (n = 30); cyanotic-CHD (C-CHD) and acyanotic-CHD (A-CHD). Twenty five healthy children were included as controls.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Significantly higher serum levels of VEGF, PD-ECGF/TP activity and leptin were detected in patients with CHD, particularly in patients with C-CHD. CHD patients with SpO₂<90%, pulmonary hypertension (PH), severe pulmonary stenosis (PS), detectable collaterals, cardiomegaly and/or heart failure showed significantly higher levels of these factors than those with higher SpO₂or those without these findings.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hypoxia, PH and PS are important factors that lead to harmful angiogenesis. However, angiogenesis could be essential in some cases of CHD as coarctation of aorta to enhance renal perfusion. This may provide new ways for therapeutic strategies aiming at reducing or promoting angiogenesis in CHD to improve patient's outcome.</p

Potentiality of In-house Treatment for Khartoum State Medical Wastes Case study: Khartoum Breast Care Center (KBCC)

Abstract- As a result of the growing number of hospitals in Khartoum state, huge quantities of medical waste have been produced. Proper handling and treatment are urgently needed in a way that ensures the safety of the individual and society. This study is a simple assessment for an already existing treatment unit by using HAZOP study. The treatment unit is located in Khartoum Breast Care Center (KBCC). A brief review is presented about the amount of waste generated in Khartoum State hospitals and briefing about HAZOP. The assessment and analysis proved that the autoclaving process is safe, uncomplicated, does not require a lot of labor, and most importantly, the treatment is easy to handle. Compared to the medical waste generated by each hospital, autoclaving process is suitable and convenient size wise and operational wise. Some environmental and operational adjustments have been recommended

Vezana stanja elektrona i šupljine u valjkastoj kvantnoj točki

The ground-state energies of an electron and of a hole in a finite-potential quantum dot disc of GaAs are calculated. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the two particles separately, we calculated the first two excited states for each one. To study the effect of the disc dimensionality on the eigen-energies, we considered different discs with different values of radius (R) and width (L). Discussing the potential effect, we examined the eigen-value behaviour at different values of the barrier heights. The corresponding wave functions are obtained.Izračunali smo energije osnovnih stanja elektrona i šupljine u konačnom potencijalu valjkaste kvantne točke u GaAs. Rješavanjem Schrodingerove jednadžbe posebno za svaku od čestica, izračunali smo prvo i dva viša stanja za svaku česticu. Radi proučavanja učinka veličine valjka na svojstvene energije, razmatrali smo valjke različitih polumjera i duljine. Razmatrali smo utjecaj potencijala ispitivanjem ovisnosti svojstvenih vrijednosti za tri vrijednosti visine barijere. Izveli smo odgovarajuće valne funkcije

Vezana stanja elektrona i šupljine u valjkastoj kvantnoj točki

The ground-state energies of an electron and of a hole in a finite-potential quantum dot disc of GaAs are calculated. Solving the Schrödinger equation for the two particles separately, we calculated the first two excited states for each one. To study the effect of the disc dimensionality on the eigen-energies, we considered different discs with different values of radius (R) and width (L). Discussing the potential effect, we examined the eigen-value behaviour at different values of the barrier heights. The corresponding wave functions are obtained.Izračunali smo energije osnovnih stanja elektrona i šupljine u konačnom potencijalu valjkaste kvantne točke u GaAs. Rješavanjem Schrodingerove jednadžbe posebno za svaku od čestica, izračunali smo prvo i dva viša stanja za svaku česticu. Radi proučavanja učinka veličine valjka na svojstvene energije, razmatrali smo valjke različitih polumjera i duljine. Razmatrali smo utjecaj potencijala ispitivanjem ovisnosti svojstvenih vrijednosti za tri vrijednosti visine barijere. Izveli smo odgovarajuće valne funkcije

Pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus in Egyptian patients: the impact of disease activity on the quality of life

INTRODUCTION: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) afflicts young people disproportionately, often at a crucial time in their lives when they are trying to establish relationships, start families and launch careers. As a result, persons with SLE may experience a wide range of physical and psychosocial problems that are not always fully captured by descriptions of the disease’s physiological consequences alone. METHODS: In order to characterize the spectrum of the effects of SLE with regards to disease activity and its impact on the quality of life (QoL), a case control study involving 59 SLE Egyptian patients (mean age 28.6 years , 94.9% females) and 20 healthy controls was undertaken. Disease activity was measured by SLE Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI), and quality of life was measured by Short Form 36 health questionnaire (SF-36). RESULTS: Mucocutaneous and hematological manifestations were present in most of the patients and arthralgia in half of them. All domains of SF-36 including general health, physical functions, physical limitations, energy/fatigue, emotional well-being, pain, social functions, and health changes were significantly lower in SLE patients compared to controls. Except for emotional limitations, all domains were correlated with disease activity and low in class IV-V lupus nephritis. CONCLUSION: Physicians should focus on QoL and how to improve it; health education regarding the negative impact of disease activity on the patients should be given attention. The results of QoL studies help physicians to understand and provide better support to SLE patients beside rapid meticulous control of disease activit