Akakus

Le petit massif de l’Akakus, en Libye, à faible distance du Tassili -moins de 100 km- est, comme le Tassili, constitué de pointements de grès d’âge primaire très déchiquetés par l’érosion éolienne, et de larges vallées ensablées. Il s’agit néanmoins d’une unité orogénique distincte, nettement délimitée à l’ouest : elle s’y termine en effet par une falaise abrupte, dominant la vallée du Tanezrouft, que suit la piste de Serdeles à Ghat. Les accès ne sont possibles que par l’est, où les vallées ..

Akakus

Le petit massif de l’Akakus, en Libye, à faible distance du Tassili -moins de 100 km- est, comme le Tassili, constitué de pointements de grès d’âge primaire très déchiquetés par l’érosion éolienne, et de larges vallées ensablées. Il s’agit néanmoins d’une unité orogénique distincte, nettement délimitée à l’ouest : elle s’y termine en effet par une falaise abrupte, dominant la vallée du Tanezrouft, que suit la piste de Serdeles à Ghat. Les accès ne sont possibles que par l’est, où les vallées ..

Bœuf (Préhistoire)

De nombreuses études avaient, tout au long du xixe siècle, décrit et nommé de multiples espèces ou sous-espèces de Bos. Sanson, par exemple, en dénombrait douze dans les seuls taurins. Au xxe siècle, une révision se fit : la Nomenclature en vigueur ne retient dans le sous-genre Bos, pour les animaux actuels, que trois sous-espèces (ou « types ») : le bœuf à bosse, B. indicus et deux types de « taurins », sans bosse : le B. primigenius ou bœuf à longues cornes (le longhorn) et le B. brachycero..

Robot-assisted versus laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy: a pan-European multicenter propensity-matched study

Background: The use of robot -assisted and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy is increasing, yet large adjusted analyses that can be generalized internationally are lacking. This study aimed to compare outcomes after robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy in a pan-European cohort. Methods: An international multicenter retrospective study including patients after robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy from 50 centers in 12 European countries (2009-2020). Propensity score matching was performed in a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome was major morbidity (Clavien-Dindo >= III). Results: Among 2,082 patients undergoing minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomy, 1,006 underwent robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy and 1,076 laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy. After matching 812 versus 812 patients, the rates of major morbidity (31.9% vs 29.6%; P = .347) and 30-day/inhospital mortality (4.3% vs 4.6%; P = .904) did not differ significantly between robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy and laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy, respectively. Robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with a lower conversion rate (6.7% vs 18.0%; P < .001) and higher lymph node retrieval (16 vs 14; P = .003). Laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with shorter operation time (446 minutes versus 400 minutes; P < .001), and lower rates of postoperative pancreatic fistula grade B/C (19.0% vs 11.7%; P < .001), delayed gastric emptying grade B/C (21.4% vs 7.4%; P < .001), and a higher R0 -resection rate (73.2% vs 84.4%; P < .001). Conclusion: This European multicenter study found no differences in overall major morbidity and 30day/in-hospital mortality after robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy compared with laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy. Further, laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with a lower rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula, delayed gastric emptying, wound infection, shorter length of stay, and a higher R0 resection rate than robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy. In contrast, robot -assisted pancreatoduodenectomy was associated with a lower conversion rate and a higher number of retrieved lymph nodes as compared with laparoscopic pancreatoduodenectomy. (c) 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

Pour des approches rationelles et differenciés dans l'étude des divers centres mondiaux d'art préhistorique

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Proposals for Updating the Rock-Drawing Sequence of the Acacus (Libya)

AbstractThe classification/chronology system which Mori put forward in 1965 for the rock-drawing sequence of the Acacus mountains has not since then been modified. It now needs re-examination, taking into account the recently acquired archaeological, palaeoclimatological and archaeozoological data and also the rock-drawing sequence of the Tassili. Indeed, several schools are found in both massifs. Firstly, this article summarises the archaeological results from recent excavations, mainly from Ti-n-Torha; the14C dates relevant to rock-pictures are set within their context and evaluated. Secondly, a new classification/chronology system is proposed, which matches the data provided by the other disciplines and the Tassilian sequence. Only some of Mori's initial units have been kept. Among the Acacus engravings, some have slight traits belonging to the ‘Naturalistic Bubaline’. Other engravings are considered unclassifiable. As for the paintings, the Round Heads are represented by their final phases only. A ‘Uan Amil Herders’ group corresponds to the ‘Final Bovidian’, not to the Early Bovidian. Finally the ‘Ti-n-Anneuin Herders’ group is the most strongly represented in the Tassili as well as in the Acacus mountains. It is contemporary with the Horse Period. Some sets of paintings also appear as unclassifiable. Whether the Garamantes are to be linked with the most recent schools remains questionable.</jats:p