Comparative study of real-time pcr (Taqman probe and sybr green), serological techniques (elisa, ifa and dat) and clinical signs evaluation, for the diagnosis of canine leishmaniasis in experimentally infected dogs

Canine leishmaniasis (CanL) diagnosis is not fully resolved. Currently, two specific methodologies are in continuous development, the detection of the parasite DNA or RNA in target organs and the detection of specific antibodies against Leishmania sp. For a correct diagnosis, it has been shown that the joint use of this type of test is necessary. In this work, a Sybr Green and a TaqMan Probe based on real time PCRs (qPCR) was performed for the detection of Leishmania sp. in order to correlate the results with clinicopathological and serological evaluations (IFA, ELISA and DAT) to propose an optimal biological sample to be used to detect the parasite in both early and late stages of the infection. A total of four samples were processed: conjunctival swabs, popliteal lymph node aspirates, bone marrow aspirates, and peripheral blood from experimentally infected dogs belonging to a larger study. Our results indicated that a single non-invasive sample (conjunctival swab) and the application of both types of qPCR would be reliable for determining Leishmania infection as well as the disease stage in dogs, thus avoiding bone marrow, lymph node aspirate or blood samples collection. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/)

Uterine sarcomas: clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up, by Spanish group for research on sarcomas (GEIS)

Adenosarcoma; Guidelines; Uterine sarcomaAdenosarcoma; Pautas; Sarcoma uterinoAdenosarcoma; Pautes; Sarcoma uteríUterine sarcomas are very infrequent and heterogeneous entities. Due to its rarity, pathological diagnosis, surgical management, and systemic treatment are challenging. Treatment decision process in these tumors should be taken in a multidisciplinary tumor board. Available evidence is low and, in many cases, based on case series or clinical trials in which these tumors have been included with other soft tissue sarcoma. In these guidelines, we have tried to summarize the most relevant evidence in the diagnosis, staging, pathological disparities, surgical management, systemic treatment, and follow-up of uterine sarcomas

Tratamiento de las fracturas complejas de fémur mediante enclavado intramedular encerrojado de Brooker-Wills

Se realiza un estudio retrospectivo de 19 pacientes con fracturas complejas de fé- mur tratados mediante el clavo bloqueado de Brooker-Wills. La causa más frecuente de dichas fracturas fueron los accidentes de tráfico. Hubo lesiones asociadas en el 63% de los casos. El tiempo medio de seguimiento fue de 27 meses. Nuestros resultados han sido evaluados mediante los criteros de Thorensen, obteniendo un 84% de resultados favorables. Hubo problemas técnicos intraoperatorios en 8 pacientes, la mayoría debidos a la penetración de la cortical femoral distal por una de las aletas. Todas las fracturas consolidaron. La mayor ventaja de este clavo la encontramos en la sencillez del bloqueo distal, lo cual supone una menor exposición a la radiación y un acortamiento del tiempo quirúrgico.A retrospective study of 19 patients with complex fermoral fractures treated with the Brooker-Wills interlocking intramedullary nail is reported. The traffic-accident was the most common cause of these fractures. Associated injuries were found in 63% of cases. The mean time follow-up period was 27 months. Results were assessed according to Thorensen's criteria. We found excellent or good results in 84% of these patients. There were intraoperative technical problems without clinical complications in 8 patients, most of them due to distal femoral cortex penetration with the pins. Union occurred in all fractures. The greatest advantage of this nail comes from the easy insertion of distal pins, providings less exposition to radiation and a shorter operative tim

HEATING OF BEE HONEY, OLIVE OIL, MILK AND WATER IN A SOLAR COOKER BOX TYPE WITH INTERNAL REFLECTORS

ABSTRACT Numerical simulation results are shown to determine the heating in liquids when a solar cooker box type with internal reflector is used to this end. The data evaluated correspond to temperature values from bee honey, olive oil, milk and water when they are heated in the solar cooker. The maximum simulation temperatures reached are 91.8, 91.6, 86.2 and 85.3 ºC that correspond to bee honey, olive oil, milk and water respectively. A comparative between simulation and experimental results also are shown. The values presented evidence the influence of the specific heat in each fluid considered. In the numerical simulation were used solar radiation and environment temperature values for February 26, 2006 in Mexico City. The experimental data were acquired using an Eppley piranometer and a Field Point device and were used as initial numerical conditions in the simulation. The processing information acquired was made using the LabView 7.0 software

Synthesis and Characterization of Colloidal CZTS Nanocrystals by a Hot-Injection Method

The present study reports the synthesis of colloidal Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) nanocrystals (average size ~4–9 nm) by a simple and low cost hot-injection method. These nanocrystals form larger particles with sizes around 40 nm. Oleylamine (OLA) was used as both the solvent and the nanocrystal stabilizer. The effect of the synthesis time on the structural, compositional, morphological, and optical properties was studied. As revealed by XRD, Raman, and TEM measurements all the prepared samples are comprised of both kesterite and wurtzite CZTS nanocrystals. The wurtzite phase contribution reduces as the reaction time is increased. The “bandgap” of the obtained nanoparticles tends to 1.52 eV for the larger synthesis times (24 h) which is suitable for an absorber layer in thin films solar cells

La Salmonelosis como Factor de Riesgo de Mortinatalidad en Cuyes

The association between positive cases of Salmonella sp isolated from vaginal swabs collected within 24 hours of the parturition and stillbirth in a guinea pig farm in Huancayo, Peru was evaluated. The study included 258 breeding females using a CaseControl design, where litter size was paired between the two groups and parity and number of birth and barn of the breeding female were used as co-variables. In the ‘Case’ group were included females with at least one stillbirth per litter and in the ‘Control’ group were included females where the entire litter was alive. Results showed that 8.5% of the breeding females in the ‘Case’ group were positive to Salmonella sp, and by the logistic regression analysis was estimated an Odds Ratio of 4.32 (95% confidence interval; p<0.05) for positive cases in relation to the controls. On the other hand, the cause of death in 91.5% (118/129) of the females with stillbirths was due to other infectious or noninfectious causes. The results show that Salmonella should be considered as a cause of stillbirths in guinea pigs.Se evaluó la asociación entre casos positivos a aislamiento de Salmonella sp a partir de hisopados vaginales dentro de las 24 horas del parto y la mortinatalidad en una granja de cuyes en Huancayo, Perú. Se trabajó con 258 cuyes siguiendo un diseño de Caso-Control, pareando el tamaño de camada y utilizando como covariables al número de parto y el galpón de procedencia de la reproductora. En el grupo de ‘Caso’, se incluyeron hembras en cuyo parto hubo por lo menos un mortinato y en el ‘Control’ hembras con toda la camada viva. El 8.5% de las reproductoras en el grupo de ‘Caso’ resultaron positivas a Salmonella sp, y mediante el análisis de regresión logística se estimó una Odds Ratio de 4.32 (95% de intervalo de confianza, p<0.05) de los casos positivos respecto a los controles. Por otro lado, la causa de muerte en el 91.5% (118/129) de hembras con mortinatos se debería a otras causas infeccionas o a causas no infecciosas. Los resultados indican que la salmonelosis debe ser considerada como una de las causas de mortinatalidad en cuyes

DIAGNÓSTICO DE INDICADORES DE CALIDAD FÍSICO-QUÍMICA DEL AGUA EN AFLUENTES DEL RÍO ATOYAC - DIAGNOSIS OF INDICATORS OF PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL QUALITY OF WATER IN AFFLUENTS OF THE ATOYAC RIVER

En la Región de Texmelucan, Pue., las principales fuentes de agua para riego provienen del deshielo de los volcanes y de pozos profundos; estas fuentes satisfacen las necesidades de agua del área agrícola de Texmelucan y sus alrededores. Sin embargo, alrededor de 350 productores también emplean aguas residuales para regar sus cultivos. Se evaluaron algunos parámetros que inciden en la calidad físico-química del agua cuando se utiliza con fines de riego (pH, CE, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+, PO42-, SO42-, CO32-, HCO3-, Na+, B y Cl-). Se realizó un muestreo aleatorio en 28 puntos, en afluentes del cauce del Río Atoyac, donde se tomaron muestras de agua para realizar el análisis físico-químico correspondiente. Los resultados muestran que la CE osciló entre 0 y 0.875 dS m-1; el 64.28% correspondió a aguas de baja salinidad y bajo contenido de sodio (clase C1S1), el 28.57% a aguas con salinidad media y bajo contenido de sodio (clase C2S1) y el 7.15% a aguas de salinidad alta y bajo contenido de sodio (clase C3S1). En promedio, el Ca (0.98 meq L-1) y Mg (1.11 meq L-1) estuvieron presentes en mayor concentración, lo que modificó favorablemente los valores de la relación de adsorción de sodio (RAS). Los iones bicarbonato (HCO3-) en el agua presentaron una media de 1.83 meq L-1. La concentración de Cl-, HCO3-, CO3-2, B y SO4-2 no ha afectado a los cultivos establecidos y la concentración de PO42- es un aporte significativo a los cultivos. Estos resultados indican que la región de Texmelucan, Pue., tiene agua apta para el riego desde el punto de vista físico-químico; sin considerar el contenido de metales pesados ni análisis biológicos de la misma