Effect of biofertilizers and neem oil on the entomopathogenic fungi beauveria bassiana (Bals.) vuill. and metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) sorok.

The in vitro fungitoxic effect of three biofertilizers, E.M.-4, Multibion Ô and Supermagro used in organic agriculture and the neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) on the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana was studied. These products were mixed in a medium where the two fungi were inoculated, and germination, vegetative growth and conidiogenesis were assessed. The biofertilizers Supermagro and E.M.- 4 showed to be less toxic for the two fungi whereas MultibionÔ caused major inhibition on M. anisopliae, with reductions in germination (-37.74%), colony diameter (-30.26%) and conidiogenesis (-42.62%). Neem oil promoted a larger negative effect on B. bassiana, inhibiting germination (-45.27%), colony diameter (-36.62%) and conidiogenesis (-84.93%)

Ocorrência e identificação de nematóide entomopatogênico do gênero heterorhabditis em solo cultivado com arroz e feijão-caupi no Estado do Piauí.

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No Evidence for Immune Priming in Ants Exposed to a Fungal Pathogen

There is accumulating evidence that invertebrates can acquire long-term protection against pathogens through immune priming. However, the range of pathogens eliciting immune priming and the specificity of the response remain unclear. Here, we tested if the exposure to a natural fungal pathogen elicited immune priming in ants. We found no evidence for immune priming in Formica selysi workers exposed to Beauveria bassiana. The initial exposure of ants to the fungus did not alter their resistance in a subsequent challenge with the same fungus. There was no sign of priming when using homologous and heterologous combinations of fungal strains for exposure and subsequent challenges at two time intervals. Hence, within the range of conditions tested, the immune response of this social insect to the fungal pathogen appears to lack memory and strain-specificity. These results show that immune priming is not ubiquitous across pathogens, hosts and conditions, possibly because of immune evasion by the pathogen or efficient social defences by the host

Efeito da temperatura e concentração na sobrevivência de nematóides entomopatogênicos em condições de armazenamento, visando seu uso no controle microbiano de pragas.

Fatores como temperatura e concentração de juvenis infectivos, podem influenciar no armazenamento de nematóides entomopatogênicos, afetando a sobrevivência e a infectividade. Neste bioensaio o objetivo foi avaliar a influência da temperatura e concentração na sobrevivência desses nematóides, a fim de melhorar o armazenamento obtendo juvenis infectivos mais virulentos. Foram avaliadas variáveis como viabilidade e infectividade (sobre larvas de Galleria mellonella) de Steinernema carpocapsae, S. riobrave, Heterorhabditis sp. CCA e Heterorhabditis sp. JPM 4, nas concentrações de 100, 1.000, 5.000 e 10.000 JI/mL em seis temperaturas (8, 12, 16, 20, 24 e 28°C). As avaliações foram feitas aos 15, 30, 60, 120, 150 e 180 dias de armazenamento. Observou-se que todas espécies apresentaram viabilidade e infectividade semelhantes nas concentrações testadas, com variação nas diferentes temperaturas. Assim, tanto Heterorhabditis sp. CCA como Heterorhabditis sp. JPM4 tiveram viabilidade reduzidas nas temperaturas de 8, 12, 24 e 28°C. S. carpocapsae e S. riobrave apresentaram redução de viabilidade a partir de 60 dias a 24 e 28°C. Heterorhabditis sp. CCA e Heterorhabditis sp. JPM4 tiveram redução de infectividade a partir de 15 dias para 8°C e a partir dos 60 dias a 24 e 28°C. S. carpocapsae e S. riobrave tiveram redução de infectividade a partir de 60 dias a 24 e 28°C. As diferenças encontradas entre nematóides evidenciam a importância do estudo de fatores favoráveis para a manutenção de suas características em diferentes condições de armazenamento a fim de prolongar o tempo de sobrevivência e infectividade

Removal of nickel ions on residue of alginate extraction from Sargassum filipendula seaweed in packed bed

The residue of the alginate extraction, which has been shown as a good alternative material in the removal of toxic metals from industrial wastewater, is little explored as a biosorbent material. This study evaluated the removal of nickel ion in a fixed bed onto the residue of alginate extraction from Sargassum filipendula seaweed. The biosorption process in a dynamic fixed-bed system evaluated the influence of flow rate and feed concentration, by mass transfer zone (MTZ) and the total removal percentage (%Rem(t)). In order to assess the metal recovery potential and the lifetime of the column, two cycles of adsorption/desorption were performed. The continuous adsorption process was simulated using different dynamic models such as Bohart and Adams, Clark, Thomas, Yan et al., and Yoon and Nelson models. The best predictive model was Yan et al. Techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), helium gas picnometry, mercury porosimetry, and N-2 physisorption (BET) were performed in order to compare the residue before adsorption with the material after the process. The results showed that the residue can be used to treat toxic metal contaminated effluents by biosorption processes efficiently951121202128COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DE PESSOAL DE NÍVEL SUPERIOR - CAPESFUNDAÇÃO DE AMPARO À PESQUISA DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO - FAPESPsem informação2014/05050-

Effect of different concentrations of fluoride in dentifrices on dentin erosion subjected or not to abrasion in situ/ex vivo

This in situ/ex vivo study assessed the effect of different concentrations of fluoride in dentifrices on dentin subjected to erosion or to erosion plus abrasion. Ten volunteers took part in this crossover and double-blind study performed in 3 phases (7 days). They wore acrylic palatal appliances containing 4 bovine dentin blocks divided in two rows: erosion and erosion plus abrasion. The blocks were subjected to erosion by immersion ex vivo in a cola drink (60 s, pH 2.6) 4 times daily. During this step, the volunteers brushed their teeth with one of three dentifrices D (5,000 ppm F, NaF, silica); C (1,100 ppm F, NaF, silica) and placebo (22 ppm F, silica). Then, the respective dentifrice slurry (1:3) was dripped on dentin surfaces. While no further treatment was performed in one row, the other row was brushed using an electric toothbrush for 30 s ex vivo. The appliances were replaced in the mouth and the volunteers rinsed with water. Dentin loss was determined by profilometry and analyzed by 2-way ANOVA/Bonferroni test (a = 0.05). Dentin loss after erosive-abrasive wear was significantly greater than after erosion alone. Wear was significantly higher for the placebo than for the D and C dentifrices, which were not significantly different from each other. It can be concluded that the presence of fluoride concentrations around 1,100 ppm in dentifrices is important to reduce dentin wear by erosion and erosion + abrasion, but the protective effect does not increase with fluoride concentration