Peningkatan Kemampuan Menentukan Ide Pokok Paragraf Melalui Metode Latihan Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Siswa yang menjadi sarana penelitian berjumlah 12 orang, yang terdiri dari 5 Siswa laki-laki dan 7 Siswa perempuan. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini yakni apakah melalui metode latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan dalam menentukan ide pokok paragraf. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kemampuan Siswa menentukan ide pokok suatu paragraf melalui metode latihan pada Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Hasil belajar Siswa pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 orang Siswa yang dikenai tindakan, hanya 8 orang atau 67,7% memperoleh nilai 65 ke atas, sedangkan 4 orang lainnya atau 33,33% memperoleh nilai kurang dari 65. Persentase keberhasilan Siswa pada siklus I ini belum mencapai indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan yaitu 80% ketuntasan klasikal, untuk itu perlu dilanjutkan ke siklus berikutnya. Kekurangan-kekurangan pada siklus I selanjutnya diperbaiki dan disempurnakan pada pelaksanaan siklus II. Ternyata hasil tindakan siklus II menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 orang Siswa yang dikenai tindakan, 10 orang Siswa atau 83,33% memperoleh nilai 65 ke atas dengan nilai rata-rata 74,17. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan menulis ide pokok Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan mengalami peningkatan melalui penerapan metode latihan. Hal ini berarti pula bahwa hipotesis penelitian: “penerapan metode latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menentukan ide pokok prasyaraf Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan” dapat diterima

Torn Between the Real Me and the Social Me: Educated Women’s Perspectives of Surviving Marital Abuse

The perspectives of educated women on surviving abusive marital relationships have not been adequately explored, thus implying a gap in the literature regarding the role of education in enhancing or mitigating the prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV). In this context, the question is how do educated women perceive surviving abusive relationships? Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), using flexible semi-structured face-to-face interviews, was conducted to understand the experiences of eight highly educated women (master’s, Ph.D.) in abusive marriage. Four superordinate interrelated themes were developed: (a) developing an awareness of self-respect generating role confusion, (b) being torn between traditions and ambitions, (c) normalizing abuse as part of marriage, and (d) challenging abuse by self-promotion. Like other survivors of abuse, educated women tried to justify, blame themselves, work harder to please the perpetrator, and promote themselves; finally, they continued to live their lives by embracing abuse to bring peace and save their marriage. The effect of sociocultural context on educated women’s perspectives seems to play a crucial role in women’s decisions to stay in abusive relationships, despite the assumptions of empowerment and independence

Peningkatan Kemampuan Menentukan Ide Pokok Paragraf Melalui Metode Latihan Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Siswa yang menjadi sarana penelitian berjumlah 12 orang, yang terdiri dari 5 Siswa laki-laki dan 7 Siswa perempuan. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini yakni apakah melalui metode latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Siswa kelas V SD Negeri  Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah  Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan dalam menentukan ide pokok  paragraf. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kemampuan Siswa menentukan ide pokok suatu paragraf melalui metode latihan pada Siswa kelas V SD Negeri  Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Hasil belajar Siswa pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 orang Siswa yang dikenai tindakan, hanya 8 orang atau 67,7% memperoleh nilai 65 ke atas, sedangkan 4 orang lainnya atau 33,33% memperoleh nilai kurang dari 65. Persentase keberhasilan Siswa pada siklus I ini belum mencapai indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan yaitu 80% ketuntasan klasikal, untuk itu perlu dilanjutkan  ke siklus berikutnya. Kekurangan-kekurangan pada siklus I selanjutnya diperbaiki dan disempurnakan pada pelaksanaan siklus II. Ternyata hasil tindakan siklus II menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 orang Siswa yang dikenai tindakan, 10 orang Siswa atau 83,33% memperoleh nilai 65 ke atas dengan nilai rata-rata 74,17. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan menulis ide pokok Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan mengalami peningkatan melalui penerapan metode latihan. Hal ini berarti pula bahwa hipotesis penelitian: “penerapan metode latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menentukan ide pokok prasyaraf Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan” dapat diterima

Collocation Orthonormal Berntein Polynomials method for Solving Integral Equations

In this paper, we use a combination of Orthonormal Bernstein functions on the interval  for degree ,and 6 to produce anew approach implementing Bernstein Operational matrix of derivative as a method for the numerical solution of linear Fredholm integral equations of the second kind and Volterra integral equations. The method converges rapidly to the exact solution and gives very accurate results even by low value of m. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the technique and convergence of method to the exact solution. Keywords: Bernstein polynomials, Operational Matrix of Derivative, Linear Fredholm Integral Equations of the Second  Kind and Volterra Integral Equations

Autophagic reprogramming of bone marrow–derived macrophages

Macro-autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process among eukaryotes affecting macrophages. This work studies the genetic regulatory network involving the interplay between autophagy and macrophage polarization (activation). Autophagy-related genes (Atgs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of macrophage polarization (M1-M2) were predicted, and their regulatory networks constructed. Naïve (M0) mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes were differentiated into M1 and M2a. Validation of the targets of Smad1, LC3A and LC3B, Atg16L1, Atg7, IL-6, CD68, Arg-1, and Vamp7 was performed in vitro. Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry revealed three macrophage phenotypes: M0 (IL-6 + /CD68 +), M1 (IL-6 + /CD68 + /Arg-1 +), and M2a (CD68 + /Arg-1). Confocal microscopy revealed increased autophagy in both M1 and M2a and a significant increase in the pre-autophagosomes size and number. Bafilomycin A increased the expression of CD68 and Arg-1 in all cell lineages. In conclusion, our approach predicted the protein targets mediating the interplay between autophagy and macrophage polarization. We suggest that autophagy reprograms macrophage polarization via CD68, arginase 1, Atg16L1-1, and Atg16L1-3. The current findings provide a foundation for the future use of macrophages in immunotherapy of different autoimmune disorders

The challenges and the possibilities to the use of technology in the teaching and learning of English language as a case study.

The use of technology as a strategy for supporting language learning is an area which requires further exploration. Specifically, this study seeks to research the Saudi Arabian school situation. Simply put, the Saudi government dedicated a great deal of time and money into the education sector. However, as researchers have pointed out, there are still weaknesses in Saudi primary schools in terms of using technology in the classroom. The use of technology can help teachers to enhance the students’ learning and motivate them, especially with regard to learning English as a foreign language. This study which was based on a case study of a single public primary school in Saudi Arabia employed both qualitative and quantitative methods. Data was collected by conducting a survey, interviews, observations, and experimental research. The study was conducted to gain a deeper understanding on the usage of information in the teaching and learning of English language in Saudi Arabian public primary. The target population was Saudi Arabian school children and their teachers. The study shows that the teachers involved in the study appreciated the importance of technology in teaching EFL. The findings indicate that technologies such as laptops, tablets, YouTube and Internet generally have a positive impact on student language learning, engagement and interest in learning

Beta-endorphin levels in both painful and painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its relations to pain characters and severity

Introduction. In the peripheral nervous system (PNS), beta-endorphins produce analgesia by binding to opioid receptors (particularly of the mu subtype) at both preand post-synaptic nerve terminals, primarily exerting their effect through presynaptic binding. Aim was to study serum beta-endorphin levels in diabetic patients with and without diabetic peripheral neuropathy and its relations to characters and severity of pain in patients with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Material and methods. The study was a case control study including 88 participants; 73 diabetics and 15 age and sex matched healthy subjects. For all subjects, levels of HbA1c, serum creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL and LDL as well as serum levels of beta-endorphin were measured. Pain severity was detected by using visual analogue pain scale. Results. Serum beta-endorphin shows no significant difference between diabetic neuropathic, diabetic non neuropathic and control groups (p = 0.275). Serum beta-endorphin shows negative correlation with age (p = 0.049) and HbA1c (p = 0.048). While it was not correlated with pain severity (p = 0.371), NDS: total score (p = 0.803), BMI (p = 0.801), serum creatinine (p = 0.074) or DM duration (p = 0.607). Serum beta-endorphin shows no significant difference between painful and painless neuropathy subgroups (p = 0.701). Conclusion. In our study serum beta-endorphin levels showed no significant difference between patients with painless diabetic peripheral neuropathy and those with painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy with different characters of pain. Also, serum beta-endorphin levels was not correlated with pain severity

Peningkatan Kemampuan Menentukan Ide Pokok Paragraf Melalui Metode Latihan Pada Siswa Kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dilaksanakan di kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan tahun pelajaran 2012/2013. Siswa yang menjadi sarana penelitian berjumlah 12 orang, yang terdiri dari 5 Siswa laki-laki dan 7 Siswa perempuan. Fokus masalah dalam penelitian tindakan kelas ini yakni apakah melalui metode latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan Siswa kelas V SD Negeri  Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah  Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan dalam menentukan ide pokok  paragraf. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kemampuan Siswa menentukan ide pokok suatu paragraf melalui metode latihan pada Siswa kelas V SD Negeri  Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan. Hasil belajar Siswa pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 orang Siswa yang dikenai tindakan, hanya 8 orang atau 67,7% memperoleh nilai 65 ke atas, sedangkan 4 orang lainnya atau 33,33% memperoleh nilai kurang dari 65. Persentase keberhasilan Siswa pada siklus I ini belum mencapai indikator kinerja yang ditetapkan yaitu 80% ketuntasan klasikal, untuk itu perlu dilanjutkan  ke siklus berikutnya. Kekurangan-kekurangan pada siklus I selanjutnya diperbaiki dan disempurnakan pada pelaksanaan siklus II. Ternyata hasil tindakan siklus II menunjukkan bahwa dari 12 orang Siswa yang dikenai tindakan, 10 orang Siswa atau 83,33% memperoleh nilai 65 ke atas dengan nilai rata-rata 74,17. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan menulis ide pokok Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan mengalami peningkatan melalui penerapan metode latihan. Hal ini berarti pula bahwa hipotesis penelitian: “penerapan metode latihan dapat meningkatkan kemampuan menentukan ide pokok prasyaraf Siswa kelas V SD Negeri Koyobunga Kecamatan Peling Tengah Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan” dapat diterima

The importance of the eyes: communication skills in infants of blind parents

The effects of selectively different experience of eye contact and gaze behaviour on the early development of five sighted infants of blind parents were investigated. Infants were assessed longitudinally at 6–10, 12–15 and 24–47 months. Face scanning and gaze following were assessed using eye tracking. In addition, established measures of autistic-like behaviours and standardized tests of cognitive, motor and linguistic development, as well as observations of naturalistic parent–child interaction were collected. These data were compared with those obtained from a larger group of sighted infants of sighted parents. Infants with blind parents did not show an overall decrease in eye contact or gaze following when they observed sighted adults on video or in live interactions, nor did they show any autistic-like behaviours. However, they directed their own eye gaze somewhat less frequently towards their blind mothers and also showed improved performance in visual memory and attention at younger ages. Being reared with significantly reduced experience of eye contact and gaze behaviour does not preclude sighted infants from developing typical gaze processing and other social-communication skills. Indeed, the need to switch between different types of communication strategy may actually enhance other skills during development