Realization of perfect reconstruction non-uniform filter banks via a tree structure

Obviously, a tree structure filter bank can be realized via a non-uniform filter bank, and perfect reconstruction is achieved if and only if each branch of the tree structure can provide perfect reconstruction. In this paper, the converse of this problem is studied. We show that a perfect reconstruction non-uniform filter bank with decimation ratio {2,4,4} can be realized via a tree structure and each branch of the tree structure achieves perfect reconstruction

HUBUNGAN SIKAP BELAJAR DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA SMPN 6 LANGKE REMBONG

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between learning attitudes and student learning achievement; the relationship between learning motivation and student learning achievement; and the relationship between learningattitudes and motivational learning together towards student learning achievement. The correlational research method carried out this research. The population in this study were seventh-grade students of Langke Rembong 6 Junior High School, East Nusa Tenggara. Samples as subjects in this study were 46 students. Data collection was conducted using a questionnaire to obtain data on learning attitudes and learning motivation while the test instrument was used to gather data on mathematics learning achievement. The results showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between learning attitudes towards students' mathematics learning achievement. There is also a positive and significant relationship between learning motivation towards students' mathematics learning achievement. Furthermore, there is a positive and significant relationship between learning attitudes and learning motivation towards students' mathematics learning achievement together

Probing bulk electron temperature via x-ray emission in a solid density plasma

Bulk electron temperatures are calculated for thin Cu targets irradiated by the petawatt class Vulcan laser, from the Kα yield obtained using highly oriented pyrolytic graphite crystals. Cu-Kα emission studies have been used to probe the bulk electron temperature. A 30–80 eV core temperature extends homogeneously over distances up to ten times the laser focal spot size. Energy shifting has been observed due to different ionization states produced for different temperatures in the plasma. Polarization dependencies of plasma temperature are observed through the production of x-rays in different targets. 2D PIC simulations were performed to measure the polarization dependency of bulk electron temperature, which supports our experimental results. This paper could be of importance in understanding the different behavior of laser coupling at different polarizations and their role in x-ray production

The role of the dentate gyrus and adult neurogenesis in hippocampal-basal ganglia associated behaviour

The ability of the brain to continually generate new neurons throughout life is one of the most intensely researched areas of modern neuroscience. While great advancements in understanding the biochemical mechanisms of adult neurogenesis have been made, there remain significant obstacles and gaps in connecting neurogenesis with behavioural and cognitive processes such as learning and memory. The purpose of the thesis was to examine by review and laboratory experimentation the role of the dentate gyrus and of adult neurogenesis within the hippocampus in the performance of cognitive tasks dependent on the hippocampal formation and hippocampal-basal ganglia interactions. Advancement in understanding the role of neurogenesis in these processes may assist in improving treatments for common brain injury and cognitive diseases that affect this region of the brain. Mild chronic stress reduced the acquisition rate of a stimulus-response task (p=0.043), but facilitated the acquisition of a discrimination between a small and a large reward (p=0.027). In locomotor activity assays, chronic stress did not shift the dose-response to methamphetamine. Analysis of 2,5-bromodeoxyuridine incorporation showed that, overall, chronic mild stress did not effect survival of neuronal progenitors . However, learning of the tasks had a positive influence on cell survival in stressed animals (p=0.038). Microinjections of colchicine produced significant lesions of the dentate gyrus and surrounding CA1-CA3 and neocortex. Damage to these regions impaired hippocampal-dependent reference memory (p=0.054) while preserving hippocampal independent simple discrimination learning. In a delay discounting procedure, the lesions did not induce impulsive-like behaviour when delay associated with a large reward was introduced. The experiments uphold a current theory that learning acts as a buffer to mitigate the negative effects of stress on neurogenesis

Predictive absolute-moment block truncation coding for image compression

Block truncation coding is one of the oldest known forms of image compression algorithms, its main attraction being its simple underlying concepts and ease of implementation. In this paper we present a new predictive absolute moment block truncation coding scheme which improves the performance of the existing block truncation coding schemes. The proposed scheme is based on selectively predicting the reconstruction values of a block based on the corresponding values in the neighboring blocks, as well as predicting the bitplane from the bitplanes of the corresponding blocks in other color compone

Hermitian symmetric DFT codes : a new class of complex DFT codes

We introduce a new class of real number codes derived from DFT matrix, Hermitian symmetric DFT (HSDFT) codes. We propose a new decoding algorithm based on coding-theoretic as well as subspace based approach. Decoding of HSDFT codes requires only real arithmetic operations and smaller dimension matrices compared to the decoding of the state-of-art real BCH DFT (RBDFT) class of codes. HSDFT codes will also be shown to have more burst error correction capacity. For a Gauss-Markov source, on a binary symmetric channel at lower to moderate bit error rates (BERs), HSDFT codes show better performance than RBDFT codes, and on a Gilbert-Elliot channel HSDFT codes consistently perform better than RBDFT codes

Design of two-channel linear-phase FIR PR filter banks with even length filters using convolution matrices

In this paper, the design problem of two-channel linear-phase finite-impulse response perfect reconstruction filter banks in which both the filters are of even length (which are known as type A filter banks) is addressed. The condition on the determinant of the polyphase matrix is translated in terms of well-known convolution matrices. The perfect reconstruction condition is obtained as a system of linear equations. Using the derived condition, an algorithm for the design of type A filter bank by searching the entire class in a sequential approach for both equal and unequal length cases is presented, In this approach, the First analysis filter is chosen such that there exists a filter forming a type A system, The second analysis filter is then chosen using the remaining degrees of freedom. These two steps are iterated, leading to joint optimization of both the filters

Variable dimension vector quantization based image watermarking

In this paper, we present a watermarking method based on variable dimension vector quantization for hiding information in images. Watermark bits are embedded in the dimension information of the variable dimension reconstruction blocks of the cover or input image. Watermark extraction does not require the existence of the original image for oblivious watermarking, while a variation of the scheme for cover escrow watermarking is also presented to increase robustness. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and this scheme gives comparable capacity with the existing scheme

Design of some 2-D filters through the transformation technique

The transformation technique is a tool FIR designing 2-D filters, useful for the design of specially shaped filters with passband/stopband regions not centred around the origin. The authors extend this technique to design two types or filters. A notch filter has a stopband centred about a small region in the 2-D frequency plane. The authors propose an extension to the transformation technique with the windowing concept to achieve the design of notch filters. A directional filter has a passband extending fully along: a straight line pacing through the origin. The transformation technique is: further extended to yield such directional filters. Design and application examples for both these fillers are also presented

Pengembangan Buku Ajar Statistika Elementer untuk Mahasiswa Calon Guru Matematika

Penelitian pengembangan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan buku ajar statistika elementer dan mengetahui kualitas buku ajar yang dikembangkan. Produk yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini adalah Buku Ajar Statistika Elementer. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar evaluasi, angket respon mahasiswa, lembar observasi kegiatan pembelajaran, dan tes hasil belajar. Buku  Ajar ini dikembangkan mengikuti model pengembangan ADDIE, yaitu: a) Analysis: analisis kebutuhan, analisis kurikulum dan analisis karakteristik mahasiswa. b) Design: pengumpulan referensi, perancangan dan penyusunan  buku ajar, penyusunan Rancangan Pembelajaran Semester (RPS) dengan media yang digunakan. c) Development: pembuatan  buku ajar, validasi ahli untuk mengetahui kevalidan  buku ajar, dan merevisi produk berdasarkan masukan validator. d) Implementation: terdiri atas uji coba kecil dan uji coba besar untuk memperoleh kepraktisan dan keefektifan penggunaan  buku ajar. e) Evaluation: menganalisis kevalidan, kepraktisan dan keefektifan  buku ajar. Kualitas bahan ajar yang dikembangkan adalah: a) kevalidan dengan kriteria lolos tanpa revisi berdasarkan penilaian validator materi, validator bahasa dan validator penyajian dan grafika dengan skor masing-masing 3.69, 3.25, dan 3.33 b) kepraktisan dengan kriteria lolos tanpa revisi berdasarkan penilaian dosen terhadap  buku ajar, angket respon mahasiswa dan observasi kegiatan pembelajaran dengan skor masing-masing 3.20, 93.93%, dan 87.71%. c) efek potensial   buku ajar dengan kriteria tinggi berdasarkan tes prestasi belajar mahasiswa dengan persentase sebesar 73%