Coincident multi-point observations of the E- and F- region decametre-scale plasma waves at high latitudes

Presented is an extensive analysis of the E-region backscatter observed at magnetic latitudes 75°-80°N by the PolarDARN component of the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN). The statistical occurrence characteristics of the short-range echoes reveal significant differences from those of the auroral and sub-auroral SuperDARN radars

Simplified mathematical modeling of the distribution process of licuroside and glycyram between the extractant and Glycyrrhizae radices

Theoretical development of the extraction process is an important task for further modeling and calculation of optimal conditions for extraction of biologically active compounds from the plant raw material. The aim of the study was to propose and test a theoretical model to describe the process of Licuroside and Glycyram distribution between the solid phase of Glycyrrhiza radices and the extractant. For studies, we used Glycyrrhiza radices (Liquorice roots). For extraction, we used plant raw material with particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm, and ethanol-water solution 70 % v/v was used as an extractan

On the SuperDARN cross polar cap potential saturation effect

Variation of the cross polar cap potential (CPCP) with the interplanetary electric field (IEF), the merging electric field <I>E<sub>KL</sub></I>, the Polar Cap North (PCN) magnetic index, and the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling function <I>E<sub>C</sub></I> of Newell et al. (2007) is investigated by considering convection data collected by the Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) in the Northern Hemisphere. Winter and summer observations are considered separately. All variations considered show close to linear trend at small values of the parameters and tendency for the saturation at large values. The threshold values starting from which the non-linearity was evident were estimated to be IEF*~<I>E<sub>KL</sub></I>*~3 mV/m, PCN*~3–4, and <I>E<sub>C</sub></I>*~1.5×10<sup>4</sup>. The data indicate that saturation starts at larger values of the above parameters and reaches larger (up to 10 kV) saturation levels during summer. Conclusions are supported by a limited data set of simultaneous SuperDARN observations in the Northern (summer) and Southern (winter) Hemispheres. It is argued that the SuperDARN CPCP saturation levels and the thresholds for the non-linearity to be seen are affected by the method of the CPCP estimates

The camp analogue, dbcAMP can stimulate rabbit reproductive functions: I. Effect on ovarian folliculogenesis, ovulation and embryo production

The aim of our study was to examine the influence of administration of N6,2’-dibutyryladenosine 3’5’-cyclic monophosphate (dbcAMP), a cAMP agonist, on ovarian folliculogenesis and atresia, as well as on reproductive efficiency in rabbits, whose ovarian cycle and ovulation was induced by gonadotropins. Ovarian cycle and ovulation of control rabbits were induced by 20 IU/kg PMSG followed by 35 IU/kg hCG administration. Experimental animals received PMSG and hCG together with dbcAMP (at 5, 25 or 50 μg/animal). After ovulation and insemination, the animals were sacrificed. Ovaries were weighted, histological sections of ovaries were prepared, and the presence of ovulated and not ovulated follicles and different stages of atresia was evaluated by light microscopy. The eggs were flushed from the oviducts after insemination and cultured up to blastocyst cell stage. Numbers of ovarian Corpora lutea, ovulated oocytes and oocyte-derived zygotes and embryos reaching hatched blastocyst stage were determined. Administration of dbcAMP (at doses 25 or 50 μg/animal, but not at 5 μg/animal) was able to increase the proportion of follicles with cystic and luteinization-related atresia. Furthermore, dbcAMP (50 μg/animal, but not lower doses) increased the ovarian mass, number of Corpora lutea, number of harvested oocytes, zygotes and embryos at blastocyst stage derived from these zygotes after culture. These data demonstrate that dbcAMP can stimulate rabbit ovarian follicle atresia, ovulation, oocyte, zygote and embryo yield and development. Furthermore, they confirm in the involvement of cyclic nucleotide-dependent intracellular mechanisms in the control of rabbit reproductive functions and potential practical usefulness of dbcAMP in improving animal reproduction and fertility

ФАКТОР НЕИДЕАЛЬНОСТИ В КЛАССИЧЕСКИХ УРАВНЕНИЯХ ДЛЯ РЕАЛЬНЫХ ГАЗОВ И КОНДЕНСИРОВАННЫХ СИСТЕМ: УНИВЕРСАЛЬНЫЙ АССОЦИАТИВНО-ИОНИЗАЦИОННЫЙ МНОЖИТЕЛЬ В КЛАССИЧЕСКИХ УРАВНЕНИЯХ ДЛЯ РАСТВОРОВ НЕЭЛЕКТРОЛИТОВ И ЭЛЕКТРОЛИТОВ

It is shown that the factors of activity, fugacity, as well as the osmotic, isotonic compressibility are a special case of the associative-ionized non-ideality factor ias = 1 – αas + αi(v – 1) suitable for describing associated solutions of nonelectrolytes and electrolytes with the use of the classical equations. Here ias is the association degree, αi is the dissociation degree, ν is the number of the ionized particles, into which the electrolyte molecule breaks. At the same time, ias is a special case of the generalized non-ideality factor of systems (GNF) g = 1 – βord + αnord that binds the ideal and real models of any systems. (βord ≡ αas is the fraction of the ordered elements of the system, αnord ≡ αi(v – 1) is the fraction of the disordered elements of the system).Показано, что факторы активности, фугитивности, осмотический, изотонический, сжимаемости являются частным случаем ассоциативно-ионизационного фактора неидеальности ias = 1 – αas + αi(v – 1), пригодного для описания ассоциированных растворов неэлектролитов и электролитов с помощью классических уравнений (αas - степень ассоциации, αi - степень диссоциации, v - число частиц, на которое распадается молекула электолита). Одновременно ias является частным случаем обобщенного фактора неидеальности систем (GNF) g = 1 – βord + αnord, связывающего идеальную и реальную модели системы (βord ≡ αas - доля упорядоченных элементов системы; αnord ≡ αi(v – 1) - доля неупорядоченных элементов системы)