Letter graphs and geometric grid classes of permutations: characterization and recognition

In this paper, we reveal an intriguing relationship between two seemingly unrelated notions: letter graphs and geometric grid classes of permutations. An important property common for both of them is well-quasi-orderability, implying, in a non-constructive way, a polynomial-time recognition of geometric grid classes of permutations and $k$-letter graphs for a fixed $k$. However, constructive algorithms are available only for $k=2$. In this paper, we present the first constructive polynomial-time algorithm for the recognition of $3$-letter graphs. It is based on a structural characterization of graphs in this class.Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1108.6319 by other author

In silico comparative study of epitopes predicted from different strains of genus parvovirus.

Parvoviruses are typically linear, non-segmented single-stranded DNA viruses, with an average genome size of 5000 nucleotides. Parvoviruses are some of the smallest viruses found in nature. Some have been found as small as 23 nm. Many types of mammalian species have a strain of parvovirus associated with them. Parvoviruses tend to be specific about the taxon of animal they will infect, but this is a somewhat flexible characteristic. Thus, all strains of parvovirus will affect dogs, wolves, and foxes, but only some of them will infect human. Parvovirus is treated with the help of vaccines but the traditional vaccine development process is very expensive and unsafe, with the help of insilico software tools and databases we can predict the epitopes of parvovirus species such as Canine parvovirus, Feline panleukopenia virus, H-1 virus, LUIII virus, Mink enteritis virus, Minute virus of mice, Porcine parvovirus, Raccoon parvovirus, by using Bepipred, CTLpred. These predictions will be useful for reverse vaccinology against parvoviruses infections for cattle and mankind

AGN feedback with the Square Kilometer Array (SKA) and implications for cluster physics and cosmology

AGN feedback is regarded as an important non-gravitational process in galaxy clusters, providing useful constraints on large-scale structure formation. It modifies the structure and energetics of the intra-cluster medium (ICM) and hence its understanding is crucially needed in order to use clusters as high precision cosmological probes. In this context, particularly keeping in mind the upcoming high quality radio data expected from radio surveys like SKA with its higher sensitivity, high spatial and spectral resolutions, we review our current understanding of AGN feedback, its cosmological implications and the impact that SKA can have in revolutionizing our understanding of AGN feedback in large-scale structures. Recent developments regarding the AGN outbursts and its possible contribution to excess entropy in the hot atmospheres of groups and clusters, its correlation with the feedback energy in ICM, quenching of cooling flows and the possible connection between cool core clusters and radio mini-halos, are discussed. We describe current major issues regarding modeling of AGN feedback and its impact on the surrounding medium. With regard to the future of AGN feedback studies, we examine the possible breakthroughs that can be expected from SKA observations. In the context of cluster cosmology, for example, we point out the importance of SKA observations for cluster mass calibration by noting that most of $z>1$ clusters discovered by eROSITA X-ray mission can be expected to be followed up through a 1000 hour SKA-1 mid programme. Moreover, approximately $1000$ radio mini halos and $\sim 2500$ radio halos at $z<0.6$ can be potentially detected by SKA1 and SKA2 and used as tracers of galaxy clusters and determination of cluster selection function.Comment: 14 pages, 10 figures, Review article accepted in Journal of Astrophysics and Astronomy (JOAA

Condition monitoring of induction motor-vibration analysis technique

Condition Based Monitoring maintenance implies that a precautionary job should be executed at a convinced state of hardware. Such technique stands to be considerably additional cost effective than complete letdown of equipment. When racing to disappointment, an impromptu interference to creation is instigated. Likewise, an inadvertent blow-back may happen, leading to costly consequences. Extra parts or spare parts stock must be kept to replace in case of failure of parts. Booked preventive support results typically in repairing, fixing or supplanting parts, driving in an upkeep that is too exorbitant and ineffective in forestalling breakdowns. To further develop accessibility, the framework is upgraded for higher constancy and the necessity for support is restricted. Maintenance is likewise being completed in a most viable way, furthermore, in an arranged approach. Finally, some condition markers are checking to notice decay and recognize disappointments. This task is focused on the examination of Industrial Induction Motor and distinguishing conceivable condition pointers dependent on vibration estimations and investigation

Numerical consistency check between two approaches to radiative corrections for neutrino masses and mixings

We briefly outline the two popular approaches on radiative corrections to neutrino masses and mixing angles, and then carry out a detailed numerical analysis for a consistency check between them in MSSM. We find that the two approaches are nearly consistent with a small discrepancy of a factor of 13 percent in mass eigenvalues at low energy scale, but the predictions on mixing angles are almost consistent. We check the stability of the three types of neutrino models, i.e., hierarchical, inverted hierarchical and degenerate models, under radiative corrections, using both approaches, and find consistent conclusions. The neutrino mass models which are found to be stable under radiative corrections in MSSM are the normal hierarchical model and the inverted hierarchical model with opposite CP parity. We also carry out numerical analysis on some important conjectures related to radiative corrections in MSSM, viz., radiative magnification of solar and atmospheric mixings in case of nearly degenerate model having same CP parity (MPR conjecture) and radiative generation of solar mass scale in exactly two-fold degenerate model with opposite CP parity and non-zero reactor angle (JM conjecture). We observe certain exceptions to these conjectures. Finally the effect of scale-dependent vacuum expectation value in neutrino mass renormalisation is discussed.Comment: 26 pages, 5 figures,references added, typos corrected and text modifie

A preliminary study of multilevel geographic distribution &amp; prevalence of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) in the state of Goa, India

Background &amp; objectives: Dengue virus activity has never been reported in the state of Goa. The present study was carried out to document a multilevel geographic distribution, prevalence and preliminary analysis of risk factors for the invasions of Aedes aegypti in Goa. Methods: A geographic information system (GIS) based Ae. aegypti surveys were conducted in dry (April 2002) and wet (July 2002) seasons in the rural and urban settlements. The random walk method was used for household coverage. The non-residential area visits included ancillaries of roadways, railways, air-and seaports. Simultaneous adult mosquito collections and one-larva per container technique were adopted. Results: The Ae. aegypti larval and adult prevalence was noted in all the four urban areas in both dry (Density index (DI)= 3 to 6) and wet (DI= 5 to 7) seasons and only one out of 3 villages showed Ae aegypti presence in wet season (DI= 5 to 7). In the residential areas, hutments showed higher relative prevalence indices (Breteau index, BI=100; container index, CI=11.95; adult house index, AHI=13.33) followed by close set cement houses (BI=44.1; CI=12.0; AHI=11.24). Ae aegypti relative prevalence indices were also more for households with pets (BI=85.11; CI=12.5; AHI= 42.85); those with tap had higher risk (larval house index, LHI =32.03; relative risk, RR&gt;2, n=256). Plastic drum was the most preferred breeding place (χ2 = 19.81; P&lt;0.01; RR=3.41) among domestic containers and rubber tyres (χ2 = 11.86; P&lt;0.01; RR=3.61)among sundry/rainfilled containers. Interpretation &amp; conclusion: Established Ae aegypti prevalence in the urban settlements during dry and wet seasons and its scattered distribution in a rural settlement spell risk of dengue infection at macro-level. In the residential areas nature and types of the households, tap water supply and storage and communities' attitude and practices contribute to sustained meso-level risk of Ae aegypti prevalence dependant DEN. The non-residential areas offer transient meso-level risk as Ae aegypti prevalence was seasonally unstable and monsoon dependent. Risk at micro-level was due to the preferred larval habitats of Ae aegypti breeding viz., residential plastic-ware and tyres, and transport tyres in non-residential areas

Monotone graph limits and quasimonotone graphs

The recent theory of graph limits gives a powerful framework for understanding the properties of suitable (convergent) sequences $(G_n)$ of graphs in terms of a limiting object which may be represented by a symmetric function $W$ on $[0,1]$, i.e., a kernel or graphon. In this context it is natural to wish to relate specific properties of the sequence to specific properties of the kernel. Here we show that the kernel is monotone (i.e., increasing in both variables) if and only if the sequence satisfies a `quasi-monotonicity' property defined by a certain functional tending to zero. As a tool we prove an inequality relating the cut and $L^1$ norms of kernels of the form $W_1-W_2$ with $W_1$ and $W_2$ monotone that may be of interest in its own right; no such inequality holds for general kernels.Comment: 38 page

Feasible edge colorings of trees with cardinality constraints

AbstractA variation of preemptive open shop scheduling corresponds to finding a feasible edge coloring in a bipartite multigraph with some requirements on the size of the different color classes. We show that for trees with fixed maximum degree, one can find in polynomial time an edge k-coloring where for i=1,…,k the number of edges of color i is exactly a given number hi, and each edge e gets its color from a set ϕ(e) of feasible colors, if such a coloring exists. This problem is NP-complete for general bipartite multigraphs. Applications to open shop problems with costs for using colors are described

Antibacterial Potential of Novel Poly-Herbal Bio-Disinfectant

Indigenous medicinal plants like Azadirachta Indica, Mentha, Ocimum Tenuiflorum, Phyllanthus emblica and Aloe vera is traditionally used for treating different ailments in India. It is considered as safe medicinal plants and modulates the numerous biological processes without any adverse effect. It is a vital principle in the prevention control, and reduction of any acquired infection. We aim to present the herbal preparation for human health hazard free bio disinfectant. Indigenous medicinal plants with reported effective results against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Serratia marcescens, Bacillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi along with least toxic impact on environment. The antimicrobial activities by agar well diffusion indicated by zone of inhibition were resulted against Escherichia coli (24 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (10 mm), Serratia marcescens (11 mm), Bacillus (20 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (22mm), Salmonella typhi (15 mm). The highest potential was observed in methanolic extract as compared to aqueous extract with even concentration. The use of medicinal plants extracts in bio disinfectant spray is mainly due to the anti-allergic, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties are present. The antioxidant activity was linearly proportional to the concentration and the result showed that the antioxidant activity of all the extracts was found to increase in concentration with increased absorbance of the reaction mixture indicates increase in antioxidant activity. The formulation was evaluated for its physical parameters. It is sure that these ingredients on combination behave as an effective bio-disinfectant product. It can be used as a gel, liquid, spray on medical device and it also plays an important role in the production of various types of disinfectant products. Natural herbal bio disinfectants are affordable, effective and environmentally friendly