Socio-economic voter profile and motives for Islamist support in Morocco

Based on an original dataset of merged electoral and census data, this article is a study of electoral support for the Islamist Party in Morocco in the 2002 and 2007 elections. It differentiates between the clientelistic, grievance and horizontal network type of supporters. We disentangle these profiles empirically on the basis of the role of education, wealth and exclusion for Islamist votes. We find no evidence of the clientelistic profile, but a shift from grievance in 2002 to a horizontal network profile in 2007. World Values Survey individual level data are used as a robustness check, yielding similar results. Qualitative evidence on a changing mobilization pattern of the party between 2002 and 2007 supports our conclusions

Beneficence and Welfare: Notes for the Comparative Study of “Doing Good” Practices (‘amal Khayr) in the Islamic World

International audienceLeaning on a transversal analysis of the role that charitable practices and actors play in social policies’ transformations in different Islamic contexts, this chapter addresses four analytical issues one need to address in order to understand these reconfigurations. Firstly, it underlines how religious ethos and moral economies are key processes when researching "doing good" practices and social policy, even more in Islamic contexts. Secondly, it addresses the importance of contextualization of the social processes we study, with an eye toward identifying both singularities and circulations. Thirdly, this chapter shows the necessity to take into account both the one who gives and the beneficiaries/recipients (whatever labels they can have in different situations), who are far from being apathetic. Therefore, rather than calling for new typologies, we call for a relational analysis of contemporary "welfare mixes" (Destremau, 2018), as these aid/kheyrie/welfare actors act within different ethical and moral frameworks, temporalities, scales, and institutional cultures

The Arab Spring and health: two years on.

The "Arab Spring" has touched almost all countries in the Middle East and North Africa. While most attention has focused on security and political developments, there are significant consequences for population health. These include immediate problems, such as violent deaths and injuries, population displacement, and damage to essential infrastructure, but also longer term vulnerabilities not yet addressed by the political changes, including high unemployment, the low status of women, erosion of already weak welfare systems, and rising food prices. It will be important to tackle these underlying issues while not repeating the mistakes made in other countries that have undergone rapid political transition

Between hierarchy and heterarchy: Post-Arab uprisings’ civil–military relations and the Arab state

Every actor who commands coercive resources plays a relevant role in the complex processes of state restructuring following regime change. The role of armies in the 2010â2011 Arab uprisings has been widely explored, but limited attention has been devoted to how different agents with coercive power have been involved in the restructuring of political order. This contribution presents the theoretical framework within which the remaining empirical contributions are situated. The central insight is that better understanding of the emerging political orders requires moving away from binary notions of hierarchy and anarchy as ordering principles and look at how, within heterarchical political orders, coercive agents behave within fluid stateâsociety relations

Ruthenium Olefin Metathesis Catalysts with N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands BearingN-Naphthyl Side Chains

A series of second-generation ruthenium-based olefin metathesis catalysts bearing N-naphthylsubstituted N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been prepared and fully characterized. By reaction with the appropriate NHC, these complexes are readily accessible in one synthesis step from commercially available first generation precursors [RuCl2(=CHPh)(PCy3)2] (Grubbs’ I, GI) or [RuCl2(=CH-o-iPrO-Ph)(PCy3)] (Hoveyda-Grubbs’ I, HGI) by simple exchange of one phosphine ligand with the free NHCs. Time-dependent conversions in the ring-closing metathesis (RCM) of standard substrates leading to di- as well as trisubstituted olefins have been measured for these catalysts. When benchmarked against the parent SIMes-containing Grubbs’ II precatalyst (GII), most of these new NHC structures show enhanced reactivity in RCM. From these comparative studies, valuable information was gathered that shows that the alkyl substitution on the naphthyl side chains can enhance or lower the catalytic performance depending on the bulk and the position of these alkyl groups. The behavior of the best performing precatalysts has been investigated in the RCM of a series of representative substrates, in enyne metathesis reactions as well as in cross-metathesis (CM)