12 research outputs found
Evaluation of Benzene Exposure and S-PMA as a Biomarker of Exposure to Workers in the Informal Footwear Industry
Benzene (C6H6) is one of the most widely used chemical compounds in the world. Although its use has been limited, humans may be exposed to benzene in the natural and industrial environments. Small-scale footwear industry still uses adhesives containing benzene. The benzene proļ¬le has been well-documented, and it has been classiļ¬ed as a carcinogen compound. The purpose of this study is to assess the risk of benzene exposure in the work environment and individual exposure in footwear factory in Ciomas, Bogor, West Java, during AugustāSeptember 2017. Urine test with S-Phenylmercapturic Acid biomarker was performed on 40 workers and measurements performed simultaneously at 9 air sample points from 3 workshop locations in accordance with NIOSH 1501 method, risk-level assessment through calculation Risk Quotient (RQ) and Excess Cancer Risk (ECR). The S-PMA subject has not exceeded the exposure limit (>25 Ī¼g/g) as Biological Exposure Indices (BEIs) with a median value of 0.190 mg/g (min 0.019āmax 17.61). The results of the air sample analysis showed 8 sampling points below the TLV (Threshold limit values) of 0.5 ppm (1.6 Ī¼g/m3) and 1 point of air sampling has exceeded 0.5 ppm (1.6 Ī¼g/m3) of 2, 1074 ppm. the result of calculation of minimum cancer risk, it has been obtained that 13 workers (32.5%) have cancer risk that has exceeded the reference value (ECR>1 ā
10ā4) and 27 (67.5%) have ECR < 1ā¢10ā4. In the calculation of real-time non-cancer risk, it has been obtained that 8 (20%) workers have had non-cancer risk (RQ>1) and 32 (80%) have RQ<1. The concentration of air and S-PMA of workers is still below the TLV, but considering the risk of cancer and non-cancer workers who have exceeded the reference value, it is necessary to improve the working conditions.
Keywords: benzene, S-PMA, risk assessmen
Intervention Model Using a Game to Improve Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers in Reproductive Age of Reproductive Health in Pernantin Village of Juhar, Karo District, Indonesia
The high rate of maternal mortality is one indicator of national welfare in Indonesia. One contributing factor toward this problem is mothersā lack of knowledge of reproductive health resulting from their lack of education. The use of a snakes and ladders game could be one way of improving mothersā knowledge. This game waspreviously implemented along with the distribution of an informational leaflet in the fishing community of Bagan Deli Village. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this game intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents in Pernantin village. This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test, an intervention, and a post-test. Respondents, consisting of 48 mothers of reproductive age (20ā45 years old), were divided into two groups: the control group and the intervention group. According to a t-test, the intervention group, consisting of 24 respondents, showed an improvement in their knowledge (p<0.05), while no difference was found in their attitudes (p>0.05). This result proved that the snakes and ladders game and leaflets were effective as an intervention to improve the health knowledge of mothers in reproductive age. Based on these results, it is important to provide information on reproductive health to mothers of reproductive age in such villages or elsewhere. It is also important to develop other ways of creatively imparting knowledge that are easily understood by mothers.
Keywords: knowledge and attitude, mothers of reproductive age, interventio
Kepuasan Pasien Pengguna Kartu Jakarta Sehat di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit
Peluncuran Kartu Jakarta Sehat (KJS) pada bulan November 2012 mengakibatkan jumlah kunjungan pasien yang melonjak drastis di fasilitas kesehatan, khususnya rumah sakit, baik itu rumah sakit pemerintah pusat, rumah sakit pemerintahdaerah maupun rumah sakit swasta yang berkomitmen dengan Pemerintah Daerah Jakarta. KJS memberikan kemudahan akses layanan kesehatan agar pasien dapat berobat secara gratis. Namun persoalan yang muncul kemudian adalah pasien harus mengantre lama di loket pendaftaran, ruang pemeriksaan, maupun ruang pengambilan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial budaya, pribadi, dan psikologis dengan kepuasan pasien pengguna KJS pada 110 responden di Unit Rawat Jalan RSU UKI, dan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2013. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kepuasan pasien KJS sebesar 40,9%. Akses ke rumah sakit, motivasi, informasi baik dan informasi tidak baik berhubungan signifikan dengan kepuasan pasien KJS, tetapi motivasi adalah hal yang paling dominan berhubungan. Selain itu, kepuasan pasien KJS juga berhubungan bermakna dengan pemanfaatan kembali layanan dan minat merekomendasikan layanan pada orang lain.Jakarta Health Card (JHC) was launched on November 2012, followed by sudden increase number of patient in any hospital accordingly. Jakarta Health Card ease the patient to afford health care without payment. We conducted study on the relation among socio-culture, demographic characteristics, and psychology factors toward patient satisfaction in using JHC. The study subjects were 110 outpatient of UKI Hospital, with study design descriptive quantitative with cross sectional approach. The result showed 40,9% of the patients were satisfied with the hospital service. Factors such as hospital access, motivation, good information and bad information were associated with patient satisfaction significantly, and motivation was the dominant factor. Besides, patient satisfaction also has significant correlation with revisiting/ reusing and recommendation of the hospital to other patients
Effect of Lean Hospital on Waiting Time at Outpatient Unit in Indonesia
Background: Prolonged waiting time in hospitals especially in outpatient unit resulted in dissatisfaction among patients. In order to improve the efficiency, quality of healthcare, and patientsā satisfaction, lean has been introduced widely as a quality improvement method at hospitals. It may improve patient flow to reduce the waiting time at the outpatient unit. This study aimed to review systematically the effect of lean hospital on waiting time at outpatient unit in Indonesia.
Subjects and Method: This was systematic review conducted by searching published articles from EBSCO, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and Willey Online Library. The key words were āwaiting timeā, āwaiting time improvementā, āoutpatient unitā, and ālean hospitalā. The articles collected were using qualitative data. Initially 17,514 articles obtained. During screening 200 were excluded. After review process 4 articles were finally retained in this review.
Results: In outpatient unit, non-value added activity was higher (>70%) than value added activities (<50%). Analysis of Cycle Time and Takt Time at outpatient unit showed that there were more work requests than it can process (Bottleneck). It causes interruption to the flow of work and delays the services. Waiting time was varying in all sectors including: (1) Registration (30.9 minutes); (2) Waiting for doctor (25.2 minutes); and (3) Submission of medical records (8.8 minutes). Implementation of lean hospital with eliminate non-value added and continuous improvement with Planā DoāCheckāAction (PDCA) cycle were efforts to reduce waiting time at outpatient unit in hospital
Conclusion: Lean hospital and continuous improvement at all levels are efforts to reduce waiting time at outpatient unit in hospital.
Keywords: waiting time, outpatient unit, Lean hospital
Intervention Model Using A Game to Improve Knowledge and Attitudes of Mothers in Reproductive Age of Reproductive Health in Pernantin Village of Juhar, Karo District, Indonesia
The high rate of maternal mortality is one indicator of national welfare in Indonesia. One contributing factor toward this problem is mothers' lack of knowledge of reproductive health resulting from their lack of education. The use of a snakes and ladders game could be one way of improving mothers' knowledge. This game waspreviously implemented along with the distribution of an informational leaflet in the fishing community of Bagan Deli Village. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of this game intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of respondents in Pernantin village. This quasi-experimental study included a pre-test, an intervention, and a post-test. Respondents, consisting of 48 mothers of reproductive age (20ā45 years old), were divided into two groups: the control group and the intervention group. According to a t-test, the intervention group, consisting of 24 respondents, showed an improvement in their knowledge (p<0.05), while no difference was found in their attitudes (p>0.05). This result proved that the snakes and ladders game and leaflets were effective as an intervention to improve the health knowledge of mothers in reproductive age. Based on these results, it is important to provide information on reproductive health to mothers of reproductive age in such villages or elsewhere. It is also important to develop other ways of creatively imparting knowledge that are easily understood by mothers.
Keywords: knowledge and attitude, mothers of reproductive age, interventio