Relativistic Dynamics of Vector Bosons in the Field of Gravitational Radiation

We consider a model of the state evolution of relativistic vector bosons, which includes both the dynamical equations for the particle four-velocity and the equations for the polarization four-vector evolution in the field of a nonlinear plane gravitational wave. In addition to the gravitational minimal coupling, tidal forces linear in curvature tensor are suggested to drive the particle state evolution. The exact solutions of the evolutionary equations are obtained. Birefringence and tidal deviations from the geodesic motion are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, no figures, Te

Development of Cascade Processes in Metals

In this work we have performed a systematical investigation of energy dependence of the radiation defects distribution profile in three different materials – tantalum, molybdenum and stainless steel of type 10X18H10T-VD irradiated by high energy protons. It has been shown that in the stainless steel and tantalum, regardless of proton energy, the vacancy complexes similar by configuration appear which are described by the slightly expressed elastic channel. The defects recover in on annealing stage with different migration activation energy. At the same time the molybdenum radiation damageability consists of two components in each of which exists its own mechanism of defects formation. For high energy protons what’s important is the inelastic channel of interaction and formation of sub cascades, which are created by primarily knocked-on atoms of considerable energies. However, for low energy protons, the processes of elastic interaction with lattice atoms and emergence of atomic hydrogen in the end of run important. Keywords: positron annihilation, tantalum, molybdenum, proton irradiation, point defects, vacancy complexes

Students' abilities in explanation and elimination of thinking biases

The article presents the results of experimental research of students' way of thinking at solution of classification problems; considers fulfillment of the operation of comparison using verbal materials, as well as the ability of students to improve solutions jointly or individually; shows the existence of stable structures-biases being deviations from the logical standard of comparison, in the students' thinking; distinguishes the types of biases of various structure; shows the role of reflexion based on logic knowledge in the development of the classification thinking of students; and suggests a modification of the R. Olver and R. Hornsby methodology, which allows to study the comparison of students' unity of cognitive and metacognitive elements. © IDOSI Publications, 2014

FEATURES DELINEATION AND USE OF SPECIALLY PROTECTED THE CASPIAN LOWLAND THE REPUBLIC OF DAGHESTAN

Questions of delimitation of state property on specially protected areas land of the Caspian lowland in Daghestan need further study. It is Requires the definition of the status of land of recreational zones of the coast of the Caspian sea, including coastal and border strips, legal and logical resolution of the millet for the management of these lands as Federal property. It is Necessary to accelerate the work on the delimitation of the remaining areas of land in this zone, to take inventory, to put these lands on cadastral registration and to sign lease agreements with businesses on these lands

A green chemical method for synthesis of bromine-containing “building blocks” for the production of photovoltaic polymers

Bromine-containing derivatives of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds are the most important "building blocks" in the assembly of modern Photovoltaic Polymers (PV). While PV is being developed to produce "green" energy, converting sunlight to electricity, the reactions for producing brominated derivatives of building blocks described in the literature are examples of obsolete and environmentally dirty technologies. More environmentally harmful than bromination with molecular bromine [1] can only be bromination by molecular bromine in a concentrated hydrobromic acid medium [2]. Using 1,1'-diphenyl (1), 9H-diphenylcarbazole (2) and thiophene (3) as examples, we successfully tested the bromination of the above objects with a mixture of potassium bromide and bromate in acetic acid as outlined in the diagram

Development of classification thinking in future teachers: Technologies of reflective discussion

© Authors.The main objective of the research is to create and approbate a new way of reflection formation in future teachers, which would increase the level of classifying thinking to the theoretical one. The "Formation of equivalence groups" technique was modified to conduct the experiment. It was carried out both individually and in collaborative discussions in pairs which involved justification. This made it possible to reveal the degree of the reflection conformity to the norms of scientific thinking in solving classification problems, the main obstacles to the application of these norms and ways to overcome them. Results. As a result the ways of reflection were identified. The experiment resulted in the identification of two ways of substantiating solutions to classification tasks and processes of reflection: reflexive and pseudo-reflexive. The typology of pseudo-reflexive assessments is presented. Evaluation of an intuitively correct solution to a task anticipates a cogent justification of the reflexive process. Underdeveloped reflexive processes can limit the capacity of adults for scientific classification thinking. Existing methods of logic classes study at a higher school context do not provide well-developed scientific theoretical knowledge. Existing methods do not provide its scientific-theoretical level. Reflexive processes corresponding to this type of thinking are to be developed in a classification logic norms study. A wider use of specific sign means will provide an effective differentiation of reflexive and pseudo-reflexive forms. The development and enhancement of reflexive processes in relation to the assessment of educational outcomes can be undertaken with the help of formalized tools. Presented in the article technology of pseudo reflexive forms diagnostics and technology of reflection initiation based on the logic of classes promotes the rise of classification thinking to the theoretical level. The proposed type of tasks is not connected with the content of a certain scientific discipline and can be applied at different levels of education

Synthesis of New Iminosugar Derivatives Based on (S)-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)methanol

(S)-(1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl)methanol was synthesized in two steps by the Diels-Alder reaction of penta-2,4-dien-1-ol with diethyl azodicarboxylate in the presence of (S)-BINOL as chiral catalyst. The subsequent Boc-protection of the 2-position of the pyridazine ring, ring-closing carbonylation of the hydroxy group, and deprotection afforded a bicyclic iminosugar analog. The structure of the isolated compounds was proved by NMR, IR, and mass spectra and elemental analyses

Phytotherapy in the Treatment of Chronic Generalized Periodontitis

Clinical evaluation of the effectiveness of the treatment in comparison groups revealed a significant improvement in the condition periodontal tissues based on the values of periodontal indices. Assessing the level of hygiene of patients, the degree of bleeding of the dentogingival sulcus, significantly lower values were obtained in patients of the group to whom Chlorophyllipt phytopreparations and the innovative homogeneous Laminalife gel were used sequentially and in combination

Lithologic conditions of inundated slope defluction in river valleys of the eastern east European plain

The field stationary researches carried out within the last 30 years proved ubiquitous development of soil and ground masses sluggish movements on slopes and in the bottoms of river valleys. Speeds of these movements and their distribution are determined by slope vertical and profile. The purpose of this article is to establish dependence of similar movements on various natural factors intensity. Our own field research data confirm that the maximal speed of friable material shift is observed in clays and heavy loams, and minimum speeds of shift are typical for mild loamy structure deposits. For sand intensity of creep fades so that the size of soil peripheral speed shift is within limiting measurement accuracies. The inundated defluction study showed the shifting of top inundated alluvion depth in a lengthwise direction on the valley bottom and change of this shifting direction with depth. Average peripheral speed of upper inundated alluvion shift, according to results of the plates position concerning the profile line and the fixed reference point in the bottom of exploring shaft, changed from 0,3 to 60 mm * year-1. The maximal shift was observed near waterway bed, and minimum - at the rear seam of the bottom. Intensity of longitudinal shift is in direct dependence on biases of longitudinal profile of the river and alluvion mechanical structure. In the upper alluvion part, a loamy facies inundated alluvion, the average size of shift made 47 mm * year-1. In the bottom part the inundated alluvion within river facies the sandy structure speed decreases to 0,2-0,3 mm/year. From the depth of 1 m speed fades sharply

Magnetic Fe3O4-Ag0 nanocomposites for effective mercury removal from water

In this study, magnetic Fe3O4 particles and Fe3O4-Ag0 nanocomposites were prepared by a facile and green method, fully characterized and used for the removal of Hg2+ from water. Characterizations showed that the Fe3O4 particles are quasi-spherical with an average diameter of 217 nm and metallic silver nanoparticles formed on the surface with a size of 23-41 nm. The initial Hg2+ removal rate was very fast followed by a slow increase and the maximum solid phase loading was 71.3 mg/g for the Fe3O4-Ag0 and 28 mg/g for the bare Fe3O4. The removal mechanism is complex, involving Hg2+ adsorption and reduction, Fe2+ and Ag0 oxidation accompanied with reactions of Cl- with Hg+ and Ag+. The facile and green synthesis process, the fast kinetics and high removal capacity and the possibility of magnetic separation make Fe3O4-Ag0 nanocomposites attractive materials for the removal of Hg2+ from wate