2,695 research outputs found
Concerning the program for planetary atmospheric research
Planetary atmospheric research problems of models, numerical analysis, technology, and coordinatio
Some Results from Studies on Relationships Between the Optical-meteorological Parameters and Solar Activity. Part 2: Development of the Problem of Solar Forcing
A set of complex spectral, actinometric and meteorological data obtained in the periods of heightened solar activity (1981 and 1988) has been considered in order to reveal the atmospheric component affected by solar emissions in the troposphere and lower stratosphere. For the first time, it has been found out that water vapor molecules can be transformed, under the impact of corpuscular and microwave solar emissions, from the free state to the bound one (association into clusters), and vice versa. The transition of water vapor molecules into the bound state results in a decrease of spectral optical thickness in the visible, near IR and IR spectral regions, and an appearance and deepening of the cluster absorption bands at wavelengths 330 to 340, 365, 380 to 390, and 480 nm
Soyuz 22: New contribution to earth study from space
The mission of space flight Soyuz-22 was to develop new and improved methods and means for finding tthe Earth's natural resources from outer space to aid the economy. With the help of the new multispectral space camera, MKF-6, the cosmonauts were able to photograph selected areas of U.S.S.R. and the German Democratic Republic in 4 visible and 2 infrared regions of the spectrum. The MKF-6 can simultaneously photograph areas in 6 spectral regions and register both the natural electromagnetic radiation of surface objects and the solar radiation reflected by them
The effect of hypodynamia on mineral and protein metabolism in calcified tissues of the maxillodental system (experimental radioisotope study)
Mineral and protein metabolism was studied in experiments on 60 white rats, using P-32 and Ca-45 uptake in the mineral fractions, 2C-14-glycine in the protein fractions, and P-32 in both fractions of calcified tissues as indices over a 100 day period of experimental hypodynamia. Combined alterations in mineral and protein metabolism occurred in the calcified tissues of the experimental animals. The most pronounced changes were found in P-32 and 2C-14-glycine metabolism. In the incisors and femoral bones, these alterations occurred in two phases: P-32 and 2C-14-glycine uptake first increased, then decreased. Changes in Ca-45 metabolism were less pronounced, particularly in the initial period of the experiment. A marked reduction in P-32, Ca-45, and 2C-14-glycine uptake was found in various fractions of the calcified tissues on the 100th day of experimental hypodynamia
On some question of electromagnetic waves diffraction on plasma formations
Electromagnetic wave propagation and diffraction in plasma
ΠΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΊΠ°Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°Ρ Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ (IFIL)
Classic deductive verification is not focused on reasoning about program incorrectness. Reasoning about program incorrectness using formal methods is an important problem nowadays. Special logics such as Incorrectness Logic, Adversarial Logic, Local Completeness Logic, Exact Separation Logic and Outcome Logic have recently been proposed to address it. However, these logics have two disadvantages. One is that they are based on under-approximation approaches, while classic deductive verification is based on the over-approximation approach. One the other hand, the use of the classic approach requires defining loop invariants in a general case. The second disadvantage is that the use of generalized inference rules from these logics results in having to prove too complex formulas in simple cases. Our contribution is a new logic for solving these problems in the case of loops over data sequences. These loops are referred to as finite iterations. We call the proposed logic the Incorrectness Finite Iteration Logic (IFIL). We avoid defining invariants of finite iterations using a symbolic replacement of these loops with recursive functions. Our logic is based on special inference rules for finite iterations. These rules allow generating formulas with recursive functions corresponding to finite iterations. The validity of these formulas may indicate the presence of bugs in the finite iterations. This logic has been implemented in a new version of the C-lightVer system for deductive verification of C programs.ΠΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½Π°Ρ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π² Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π΅ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ. Π‘ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Incorrectness Logic, Adversarial Logic, Local Completeness Logic, Exact Separation Logic ΠΈ Outcome Logic, Π±ΡΠ»ΠΈ Π½Π΅Π΄Π°Π²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°Π΄Π°ΡΠΈ. ΠΠΎ Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π΅ΡΡΡ Π΄Π²Π° Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠ°. ΠΠΎ-ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΡ
, Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Ρ, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π½Π° Π½ΠΈΠΆΠ½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠ³Π΄Π° ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄, ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π½Π° Π²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΏΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ. Π‘ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ½Ρ, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΅Ρ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ². ΠΠΎ-Π²ΡΠΎΡΡΡ
, ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π² ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΎΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊ Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ» Π² ΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ°ΡΠΈΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½ΠΎΠ²Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π² ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Π΅ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² Π½Π°Π΄ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
. Π’Π°ΠΊΠ°Ρ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π»ΠΎΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΡ ΠΌΡ Π½Π°Π·ΡΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΡΠΆΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ (IFIL). ΠΡ ΠΈΠ·Π±Π΅Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ½Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠ°Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠΌΠ²ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ Π² ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ° Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π°Ρ
Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Π° Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡ Π²ΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ»Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ²Π΅ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΌ. ΠΡΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡΠ» ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΎΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ°ΡΡ Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΈΠ±ΠΎΠΊ Π² ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ°Π½Π½Π°Ρ Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΊΠ° Π±ΡΠ»Π° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π² Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ C-lightVer Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π΅Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌ Π½Π° ΡΠ·ΡΠΊΠ΅ C
Further about impact of solar activity on geospheres
Twenty-five years high-mountainous researches on
solar-weather effects have given a number of direct proofs of the occurrence of weather meteoelements abnormal responses (in scale hours-days-week) on the passage in the central area of the solar disk by separate large sunspots and powerful groups of spots. The brightest shows were marked by us in October 1981 and in the last decade of October 2003. Certainly, the most grandiose effect was registered in March 1920 at the Calama station of the Smithonian Astrophysical Observatory (ΞS0 β 5%). The
analysis of the data set unambiguously has specified the presence of a special kind of radiation in the solar emissionsβspirally vortical radiation (SVR), having a forcible pulse and powerful angular moment. In our opinion spirally vortical radiation is generated in the nu cleu s of the Su n with a speed of 104 quantums/s and leaves the
photosphere through magnetic structures with a speed βΌ 8β9 Β· 103 km/s. In the paper we discuss the effects of the direct interaction of spirally vortical radiation with
different kinds of terrestrial environments, including the biosphere. It is supposed that SVR in the Universe can play a role of dark energy, as it is radiated by each star and has a pulse
Impact of solar activity on structure components of the Earth. I. Meteorological conditions
The mountain observations (Northern Caucasus) carried out during solar activity (SA) cycles 21, 22, and 23 testify to substantial SA impacts on radiative, optical, microphysical and meteorological parameters of the troposphere. Due to disturbances imposed on natural variations of meteorological parameters and changes of the microphysical state of the ensemble of water vapor molecules, distinct
disturbances of the synoptic period lengths have been observed. Apparent responses of the atmosphere to activated processes on the Sun in October 1989, April 2002 and
October 2003 confirm the existence of contributions to atmospheric perturbations of flare fluxes of protons (SCR) and fluxes of recently identified spiral-vortex radiation
(SVR) outgoing via photospheric magnetic structures of various scales. With the 20 October 1989 event as an example, contributions of the flare flux of protons and the spiral-vortex radiation to dynamic processes in the lower troposphere have been illustrated. A conclusion has been drawn about similar level but different directions of their impacts on the degree of water vapour molecules association in the atmosphere. Destructive forcings of the focused SVR and its various manifestations on the dark side of the Earth (and, apparently, of the Moon) have been mentioned
Mechanisms of water-salt metabolism disturbances in dogs subjected to six month hypokinesia
Water-salt metabolism in dogs during prolonged restricted motor activity (hypokinesia) was investigated. It was found that hydration occurred and fluid was redistributed between the extra- and intra-cellular sectors. Also, electrolyte excretion rose, and magnetism and calcium metabolism changed significantly. It is concluded that the forces caused by muscle strain proper (which was decreased under conditions of hypokinesia) influence the state of bone metabolism
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