The effect of moderate alcohol consumption on adiponectin oligomers and muscle oxidative capacity: a human intervention study

Aims/hypothesis The aim of this study was to investigate whether moderate alcohol consumption increases plasma high molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin and/or muscle oxidative capacity. Materials and methods Eleven lean (BMI 18 - 25 kg/m(2)) and eight overweight ( BMI >= 27 kg/m(2)) men consumed 100 ml whisky (similar to 32 g alcohol) or water daily for 4 weeks in a randomised, controlled, crossover trial. After each treatment period, muscle biopsies and fasting blood samples were collected. Results Adiponectin concentrations increased ( p <0.001) by 12.5% after 4 weeks of moderate alcohol consumption. Moderate alcohol consumption tended to increase HMW adiponectin by 57% ( p= 0.07) and medium molecular weight adiponectin by 12.5% ( p= 0.07), but not low molecular weight (LMW) adiponectin. Skeletal muscle citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase and beta-3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase (beta-HAD) activity were not changed after moderate alcohol consumption, but an interaction between alcohol consumption and BMI was observed for cytochrome c oxidase ( p= 0.072) and citrate synthase ( p= 0.102) activity. Among lean men, moderate alcohol consumption tended to increase cytochrome c oxidase ( p= 0.08) and citrate synthase activity ( p= 0.12) by 23 and 26%, respectively, but not among overweight men. In particular, plasma HMW adiponectin correlated positively with activities of skeletal muscle citrate synthase ( r= 0.64, p= 0.009), cytochrome c oxidase ( p= 0.59, p= 0.009) and beta-HAD ( r= 0.46, p= 0.056), while such correlation was not present for LMW adiponectin. Whole-body insulin sensitivity and intramyocellular triacylglycerol content were not affected by moderate alcohol consumption. Conclusions/interpretation Moderate alcohol consumption increases adiponectin concentrations, and in particular HMW adiponectin. Concentrations of HMW adiponectin in particular were positively associated with skeletal muscle oxidative capacity

Consuming a small-moderate dose of red wine alone can alter the glucose-insulin relationship

The aim in the present study was to assess the effect of small-moderate red wine ingestion on serum insulin and plasma glucose concentration when nutritional status is varied. Twenty non-diabetic males (19-22 years) participated in the study. In the fasting trial all participants underwent a six hour fast prior to consuming 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo as dealcoholised wine (containing < .5% alcohol, 0% resveratrol) over a 135-min period. Alternatively, in the feeding trial participants consumed food for 45-min prior to ingesting 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or placebo for 135-min. Serum insulin and plasma glucose was assessed at regular 45-min intervals during both trials. The results showed a significant decrease in the level of serum insulin and no significant change in plasma glucose concentration in the fasting trial. Alternatively, a significant alcohol-induced decrease in plasma glucose and no change in serum insulin occurred when red wine is consumed alone after food. It was concluded that red wine can alter the glucose-insulin relationship and ingesting red wine alone without food should not be encouraged in non-diabetic individuals

Red wine alters the glucose-insulin relationship when consumed alone after a meal

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a small-moderate dose of red wine on the level of serum insulin and plasma glucose before and after a meal. A total of 18 non-diabetic males aged between 19-22 years participated in the current investigation. In the fasting trial participants underwent a 6 hour fast before consuming 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a period of 135-min. Food was then presented alone for 45-min. Alternatively, in the feeding trial food was consumed for 45-min prior to participants ingesting 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period. The serum insulin and plasma glucose level was assessed at regular 45-min intervals across the four 180-min experimental periods. The results showed a significant alcohol-induced decrease in postprandial glucose and no significant change in serum insulin concentration when red wine is consumed alone following a meal. Alternatively, the ingestion of red wine alone prior to food promoted a significant reduction in serum insulin concentration despite preprandial glucose remaining unchanged. It was concluded that red wine may promote an alteration in the feedback mechanism by which plasma glucose controls the insulin rate, which under specific conditions could potentially provide some health benefits to diabetic individuals

Red wine alters the glucose-insulin relationship when consumed alone after a meal

The aim of this study was to assess the effect of a small-moderate dose of red wine on the level of serum insulin and plasma glucose before and after a meal. A total of 18 non-diabetic males aged between 19-22 years participated in the current investigation. In the fasting trial participants underwent a 6 hour fast before consuming 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a period of 135-min. Food was then presented alone for 45-min. Alternatively, in the feeding trial food was consumed for 45-min prior to participants ingesting 4 standard units of red wine (40g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo over a 135-min period. The serum insulin and plasma glucose level was assessed at regular 45-min intervals across the four 180-min experimental periods. The results showed a significant alcohol-induced decrease in postprandial glucose and no significant change in serum insulin concentration when red wine is consumed alone following a meal. Alternatively, the ingestion of red wine alone prior to food promoted a significant reduction in serum insulin concentration despite preprandial glucose remaining unchanged. It was concluded that red wine may promote an alteration in the feedback mechanism by which plasma glucose controls the insulin rate, which under specific conditions could potentially provide some health benefits to diabetic individuals

Consuming a small-moderate dose of red wine alone can alter the glucose-insulin relationship

The aim in the present study was to assess the effect of small-moderate red wine ingestion on the level of serum insulin and plasma glucose when nutritional status is varied. Twenty nondiabetic males (19-22 years) participated in the study. In the fasting trial, all participants underwent a 6 h fast prior to consuming 4 standard units of red wine (40 g alcohol) or the equivalent amount of placebo as dealcoholized wine (containin

Effect of Wine on Energy Metabolism and Utilisation

The present study aims to investigate the contribution of alcohol toxicity to the development of disease by assessing the effect of consuming a moderate amount of wine immediately following a high-carbohydrate meal on plasma glucose, serum insulin, and serum IgA