Enforcement of foreign arbitral awards: a London perspective

The virtues of international arbitration are well known. However, without the ability to enforce foreign arbitral awards, in the event of a party to arbitration failing, refusing or otherwise not honouring the award, international arbitration becomes a paper tiger. This is why the possibility of enforcement pursuant to the 1958 New York Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards is of cardinal importance. Mindful of the UK’s treaty obligations under the New York Convention, this paper focuses on the enforcement of foreign arbitral awards from a London perspective. It will do so for two reasons: London has long standing and hard won reputation as one of the truly global centres of international arbitration. It is also recognised as a bellwether for international finance. In light of such recognition, this paper will examine the approach adopted by the English Judiciary to international arbitration awards and ultimately their enforcement or otherwise in the courts of England and Wales

Meditation in legal education: The value added toward the well-being of law students

This chapter considers the value that meditation potentially adds to legal education. It begins by defining what meditation consists of as a contemplative practice. It then explores the introduction of meditation in law schools and reviews the rationale for its use in this context, including the potential for supporting law student professional identity formation. Next, the chapter focuses on the potential for meditation to develop student resilience. In light of the beneficial effects for resilience and the enhancement of well-being more generally. Broader institutional responsibility for issues of well-being are examined followed by the possibilities for further research on the efficacy of meditation. The chapter surveys the literature in the field, provides insight into the practice of meditation and reflects on the potential value added to student well-being

Nonlinear stability of the Taub-NUT soliton in 6+1 dimensions

Using mixed numerical and analytical methods we give evidence that the 6+1 dimensional Taub-NUT soliton is asymptotically nonlinearly stable against small perturbations preserving biaxial Bianchi IX symmetry. We also show that for sufficiently strong perturbations the soliton collapses to a warped black hole. Since this black hole solution is not known in closed form, for completeness of the exposition we prove its existence and determine its properties. In particular, the mass of the black hole is computed.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figure

Discrimination Trials to Influence Self-Awareness

Humans often use terms and concepts that include self- as prefix in an effort to explain their behavior (e.g., self-awareness, self-control) (Goldiamond, 1959, 1962, 1965, 1966; Nisbett & Wilson, 1977). Although there are many ways to interpret such terms, they all seem to involve circumstances in which individuals\u27 own prior behavior is discriminative for their subsequent behavior. Behavior under the discriminative control of other behavior may be a kind of self-report (Skinner, 1957). The concepts of self-awareness and self-report can be studied as a behavioral process, without mentalistic inference. In the present research, pigeons were trained in a compound, discrete-trial procedure. The first component of a trial was a conventional matching to sample (MTS) component. The second component was a probe in which the pigeons were presented with two further stimuli, responses to one of which were reinforced conditional on correct performance in the prior matching component. Pigeons\u27 baseline MTS accuracy was 65% on average. In certain conditions after the probe component was added, accuracy increased to above 85% on the MTS and 75% on the probe components, indicating pigeons\u27 own prior behavior can indeed become discriminative for their subsequent behavior. The procedure appears promising as a means for assisting individuals with mental health needs to better come under the discriminative control of the outcomes of their own prior behavior

Energetics of three interacting mass-imbalanced bodies in a three-dimensional spherical harmonic trap

We consider a system of three particles, either three identical bosons or two identical fermions plus an impurity, within an isotropic three-dimensional trap interacting via a contact interaction. Using two approaches, one using an infinite sum of basis states for the wavefunction and the other a closed form wavefunction, we calculate the allowable energy eigenstates of the system as a function of the interaction strength, including the strongly and weakly interacting limits. For the fermionic case this is done while maintaining generality regarding particle masses. We find that the two methods of calculating the spectrum are in excellent agreement and we find that both methods are unable to specify the energy of Efimov states and in fact the energies of Efimov states diverge in the same manner. We show that the numeric limitations of the summation approach correspond to the effective range boundary condition of the closed form approach to a high degree of accuracy

Quench dynamics of mass-imbalanced three-body fermionic systems in a spherical trap

We consider a system of two identical fermions of general mass interacting with a third distinguishable particle via a contact interaction within an isotropic three-dimensional harmonic trap. We calculate time-dependent observables of the system after it is quenched in s-wave scattering length. To do this we use exact closed form mass-imbalanced hyperspherical solutions to the static three-body problem. These exact solutions enable us to calculate two time-dependent observables, the Ramsey signal and particle separation, after the system undergoes a quench from non-interacting to the unitary regime or vice-versa

Fergus Falls: As the Retailers See It.

CURA and School of Business Administration

Restoration of Sp4 in Forebrain GABAergic Neurons Rescues Hypersensitivity to Ketamine in Sp4 Hypomorphic Mice.

BackgroundKetamine produces schizophrenia-like behavioral phenotypes in healthy people. Prolonged ketamine effects and exacerbation of symptoms after the administration of ketamine have been observed in patients with schizophrenia. More recently, ketamine has been used as a potent antidepressant to treat patients with major depression. The genes and neurons that regulate behavioral responses to ketamine, however, remain poorly understood. Sp4 is a transcription factor for which gene expression is restricted to neuronal cells in the brain. Our previous studies demonstrated that Sp4 hypomorphic mice display several behavioral phenotypes relevant to psychiatric disorders, consistent with human SP4 gene associations with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depression. Among those behavioral phenotypes, hypersensitivity to ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion has been observed in Sp4 hypomorphic mice.MethodsIn the present study, we used the Cre-LoxP system to restore Sp4 gene expression, specifically in either forebrain excitatory or GABAergic inhibitory neurons in Sp4 hypomorphic mice. Mouse behavioral phenotypes related to psychiatric disorders were examined in these distinct rescue mice.ResultsRestoration of Sp4 in forebrain excitatory neurons did not rescue deficient sensorimotor gating nor ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion. Restoration of Sp4 in forebrain GABAergic neurons, however, rescued ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion, but did not rescue deficient sensorimotor gating.ConclusionsOur studies suggest that the Sp4 gene in forebrain GABAergic neurons regulates ketamine-induced hyperlocomotion