Organic semiconductor-based photonic crystals for solar cell arrays: band gap and optical properties

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Photonic crystals (PCs) hold great potential for designing new optical devices because of the possibility of the manipulation of light with PCs. There has been an increase in research on tuning the optical properties of PCs to design devices. We design organic semiconductor-based PC structures and calculate optical properties using the plane wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method in an air background for a hexagonal lattice. We showed the possibility of the solar cell arrays for a 2D PC cavity on an organic semiconductor base infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal. E7 type has been used as a nematic liquid crystal and 4,4-Bis[4-(diphenylamino) styryl]biphenyl as an organic semiconductor material

Optical properties of metamaterial-based devices modulated by a liquid crystal

Cataloged from PDF version of article.Due to the fact that it is possible to manipulate light with photonic crystals (PCs), PCs hold a great potential for designing new optical devices. There has been an increase in research on tuning the optical properties of PCs to design devices. We presented a numerical study of optical properties of metamaterial-based devices by liquid crystal infiltration. The plane wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method for both TE and TM modes revealed optical properties in photonic crystal structures in an air background for a square lattice. E7 type has been used as a nematic liquid crystal and SrTiO3 as a ferroelectric material. We showed the possibility of the metamaterials for a two-dimensional photonic crystal cavity on a ferroelectric base infiltrated with a nematic liquid crystal

Ferroelectric Based Photonic Crystal Cavity by Liquid Crystal Infiltration

Cataloged from PDF version of article.A novel type of two-dimensional photonic crystal is investigated for it optical properties as a core-shell-type ferroelectric nanorod infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals. Using the plane wave expansion method and finite-difference time-domain method, the photonic crystal structure, which is composed of a photonic crystal in a core-shell-type ferroelectric nanorod, is designed for the square lattice and the hexagonal lattice. It has been used 5CB as a photonic crystal core, and LiNbO3 as a ferroelectric material. The photonic crystal with a core-shell-type LiNbO3 nanorod infiltrated with nematic liquid crystals is compared with the photonic crystal with solid LiNbO3 rods and the photonic crystal with hollow LiNbO3 rods

Technology and employment. Twelve stylized facts for the digital age

Twelve stylized facts on the relationship between technology and employment are proposed in this paper as a summary of current trends, conceptual issues, methodological approaches and research results. They include the following: 1. Technology is shaped by social relations; 2. Technology saves human labour; technological unemployment is a serious concern; 3. In the digital age the nature and boundaries of work are changing; 4. Different technological strategies have contrasting employment effects; 5. Industries differ in their employment dynamics and role of technology; 6. We can see the employment impact of technology at the firm, industry and macroeconomic levels; 7. Technological change is a disequilibrium process; demand and structural change matter; 8. Business cycles affect technological change and its employment impact; 9. The impact of technology is different across occupations and skills; 10. Labour market conditions are relevant, but employment outcomes are not determined in labour markets alone; 11. In emerging countries employment outcomes are jointly affected by technology and catching up; 12. Technology is an engine of inequality; profits benefit more than wages, wage disparities increase. They have important policy implications in several areas of public action

Ferroelectric based multilayered antireflection coating system

WOS: 000253725100010The antireflection coating is the critically important technology to obtain high performance of optoelectronic devices. In this paper, a multilayered antireflection coating system on the ferroelectric based was developed. We have designed a broadband antireflection coating on ferroelectric based substrate using a modified minimizing search technique. The design approach consisting of tuning and minimizing operations is effective in refining the antireflective performance and simplifying the design structure of desired solution. It is shown that the maximum wide angular visible spectral reflectance of minimizing search antireflection coating design for a some ferroelectric materials multilayer system is reduced to less than 0.35% with 10-12 layered. In this type of antireflection coating we can regulate the optical properties of the system by external electrical or thermal field and design broadband ultralow reflection coating system for optoelectronic devices

Rubella seroprevalence in children in Dogankent, a rural area of Adana province in Turkey, January-February 2005.

PubMedID: 20070933A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the rubella seroprevalence in 331 children aged between 0 and 59 months in Turkey who were not vaccinated for rubella and lived in the area covered by Dogankent Health Center, a rural area with a large proportion of residents of low socioeconomic status. Rubella seropositivity was found to be low, with 17.5%, increased with age and low socioeconomic level, and was particularly high in children who live in a household with one member going to school, and in children of uneducated parents (p0.05). Rubella vaccine has only been included into the national vaccination programme in the form of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine since 2006 and is performed at the age of 12 months, in the first year of primary school and at the age of about 15 years. In order to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, it is necessary that use of MMR vaccine is expanded to include the children born before 2006

RUBELLA SEROPREVALENCE IN CHILDREN IN DOGANKENT, A RURAL AREA OF ADANA PROVINCE IN TURKEY, JANUARY-FEBRUARY 2005

WOS: 000274625700008A cross-sectional study was performed to determine the rubella seroprevalence in 331 children aged between 0 and 59 months in Turkey who were not vaccinated for rubella and lived in the area covered by Dogankent Health Center, a rural area with a large proportion of residents of low socioeconomic status. Rubella seropositivity was found to be low, with 17.5%, increased with age and low socioeconomic level, and was particularly high in children who live in a household with one member going to school, and in children of uneducated parents (p0.05). Rubella vaccine has only been included into the national vaccination programme in the form of the measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine since 2006 and is performed at the age of 12 months, in the first year of primary school and at the age of about 15 years. In order to eliminate rubella and congenital rubella syndrome, it is necessary that use of MMR vaccine is expanded to include the children born before 2006.Cukurova University Scientific Research FundCukurova University [TF2004LTP3]This study was financed by Cukurova University Scientific Research Fund, under project number TF2004LTP3, as a thesis for a specialised medical degree. The laboratory work for the study was performed in the Central Laboratory of the Balcali Hospital of Cukurova University. We take this chance to thank the staff of Adana Provincial Directorate of Health and Dogankent Health Centre for their contribution to this study

Perspectives WHO criteria for measles elimination: a critique with reference to criteria for polio elimination 33

Quantifying the risk of pandemic influenza in pregnancy and Indigenous people in Australia in 2009

Measuring business angel investment activity in the United Kingdom: a review of potential data sources

Business angels play a critical role in the creation of an entrepreneurial climate. However, measuring business angel investment activity on either a cross-sectional or time series basis is extremely problematic. This paper reviews various approaches to measuring business angel investment activity: simple extrapolations, supply-side approaches, demand-side approaches, hybrid approaches, investment-oriented approaches, tax incentive schemes and angel syndicates. It advocates that all developed countries should produce time series data on business angel investment activity to provide policy-makers with an overview of the financing environment and to monitor the effects of interventions in the market. This requires a clear definition of a business angel and a focus on investments rather than investors. The paper recommends a multi-methods approach to collecting data on the UK business angel market