2,538 research outputs found
Radiation from a Josephson STAR-emitter
We calculate the angular dependence of the radiation-zone output power and
electric polarization of stimulated terahertz amplified radiation (STAR)
emitted from a voltage applied across cylindrical and rectangular stacks
of intrinsic Josephson junctions. During coherent emission, a spatially uniform
Josephson current density in the stack acts as a surface electric current
density antenna source, leading to an harmonic radiation frequency spectrum, as
in experiment, but absent in all cavity modesl of cylindrical mesas. Spatial
fluctuations of the Josephson current cause its fundamental mode to lock
onto the lowest finite energy cylindrical cavity mode, causing it to resonate,
leading to a non-uniform magnetic surface current density radiation source, and
a non-trivial combined fundamental frequency output power with linear
polarization We also present a model of the superconducting substrate, and
present results for rectangular mesas.Comment: 18 pages, 26 figures, submitted to PR
Dimensional Crossover in Heavy Fermions
Recently we have shown that a one-parameter scaling, the Coherence
Temperature, describes the physical behavior of several heavy fermions in a
region of their phase diagram. In this paper we fully characterize this region,
obtaining the uniform susceptibility, the resistivity and the specific heat.
This allows for an explicit evaluation of the Wilson and the Kadowaki-Woods
ratios in this regime. These quantities turn out to be independent of the
distance to the critical point. The theory of the one-parameter scaling
corresponds to a zero dimensional approach. Although spatial correlations are
irrelevant in this case, time fluctuations are critically correlated and the
quantum hyperscaling relation is satisfied for . The crossover from
to is smooth. It occurs at a lenght scale which is inversely related to
the stiffness of the lifetime of the spin fluctuations.Comment: 4 pages, revtex, no figures, submitted to Physical Review
The risk of rabies spread in Japan: a mathematical modeling assessment
Rabies was eliminated from Japan in 1957. In the 60 years since elimination, vaccination coverage has declined and dog ownership habits have changed. The purpose of this study was to assess the current risk of rabies spread in Japan. A spatially explicit transmission model was developed at the 1 km2 grid scale for Hokkaido and Ibaraki Prefectures. Parameters associated with dog movement and bite injuries were estimated using historical records from Japan, and were used with previously published epidemiological parameters. The final epidemic size, efficacy of rabies contingency plans and the influence of dog owner responses to incursions were assessed by the model. Average outbreak sizes for dog rabies were 3.1 and 4.7 dogs in Hokkaido and Ibaraki Prefectures, respectively. Average number of bite injury cases were 4.4 and 6.7 persons in Hokkaido and Ibaraki Prefectures, respectively. Discontinuation of mandatory vaccination increased outbreak sizes in these prefectures. Sensitivity analyses showed that higher chance of unintentional release of rabid dogs by their owners (from 0.5 to 0.9 probability) increased outbreak size twofolds. Our model outputs suggested that at present, incursions of rabies into Japan are very unlikely to cause large outbreaks. Critically, the reaction of dog owners to their dogs developing rabies considerably impacts the course of outbreaks. Contingency measures should therefore include sensitisation of dog owners
Accelerated Sampling of Boltzmann distributions
The sampling of Boltzmann distributions by stochastic Markov processes, can
be strongly limited by the crossing time of high (free) energy barriers. As a
result, the system may stay trapped in metastable states, and the relaxation
time to the equilibrium Boltzmann distribution may be very large compared to
the available computational time. In this paper, we show how, by a simple
modification of the Hamiltonian, one can dramatically decrease the relaxation
time of the system, while retaining the same equilibrium distribution. The
method is illustrated on the case of the one-dimensional double-well potential
Fluctuating pancake vortices revealed by dissipation of Josephson vortex lattice
In strongly anisotropic layered superconductors in tilted magnetic fields the
Josephson vortex lattice coexists with the lattice of pancake vortices. Due to
the interaction between them, the dissipation of the Josephson-vortex lattice
occurs to be very sensitive to the presence of the pancake vortices. If the
c-axis magnetic field is smaller then the corresponding lower critical field,
the pancake stacks are not formed but the individual pancakes may exist in the
fluctuational regime either near surface in large-size samples or in the
central region for small-size mesas. We calculate the contribution of such
fluctuating pancake vortices to the c-axis conductivity of the Josephson vortex
lattice and compare the theoretical results with measurements on small mesas
fabricated out of BiSrCaCuO crystals. A
fingerprint of fluctuating pancakes is characteristic exponential dependence of
the c-axis conductivity observed experimentally. Our results provide strong
evidence of the existence of the fluctuating pancakes and their influence on
the Josephson-vortex-lattice dissipation.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, Subm. Phys. Rev.
Local SiC photoluminescence evidence of non-mutualistic hot spot formation and sub-THz coherent emission from a rectangular BiSrCaCuO mesa
From the photoluminescence of SiC microcrystals uniformly covering a
rectangular mesa of the high transition temperature superconductor
BiSrCaCuO, the local surface temperature
was directly measured during simultaneous sub-THz emission from the
intrinsic Josephson junctions (IJJs) in the mesa. At high bias currents and
low bath temperatures K, the center of a large
elliptical hot spot with jumps dramatically with little
current-voltage characteristic changes. The hot spot doesn't alter the
ubiquitous primary and secondary emission conditions: the ac Josephson relation
and the electromagnetic cavity resonance excitation, respectively. Since the
intense sub-THz emission was observed for high K in
the low bias regime where hot spots are absent, hot spots can not provide
the primary mechanisms for increasing the output power, the tunability, or for
promoting the synchronization of the IJJs for the sub-THz emission, but can
at best coexist non-mutualistically with the emission. No standing
waves were observed
High Q Cavity Induced Fluxon Bunching in Inductively Coupled Josephson Junctions
We consider fluxon dynamics in a stack of inductively coupled long Josephson
junctions connected capacitively to a common resonant cavity at one of the
boundaries. We study, through theoretical and numerical analysis, the
possibility for the cavity to induce a transition from the energetically
favored state of spatially separated shuttling fluxons in the different
junctions to a high velocity, high energy state of identical fluxon modes.Comment: 8 pages, 5 figure
Application of the Dehumidifier System by Hollow Fiber Membrane Separation for Tritium Decontamination
Quantum Phase Transition in the Itinerant Antiferromagnet (V0.9Ti0.1)2O3
Quantum-critical behavior of the itinerant electron antiferromagnet
(V0.9Ti0.1)2O3 has been studied by single-crystal neutron scattering. By
directly observing antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic
phase, we have shown that the characteristic energy depends on temperature as
c_1 + c_2 T^{3/2}, where c_1 and c_2 are constants. This T^{3/2} dependence
demonstrates that the present strongly correlated d-electron antiferromagnet
clearly shows the criticality of the spin-density-wave quantum phase transition
in three space dimensions.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure
Evidence for pairing above Tc from the dispersion in the pseudogap phase of cuprates
In the underdoped high temperature superconductors, instead of a complete
Fermi surface above Tc, only disconnected Fermi arcs appear, separated by
regions that still exhibit an energy gap. We show that in this pseudogap phase,
the energy-momentum relation of electronic excitations near E_F behaves like
the dispersion of a normal metal on the Fermi arcs, but like that of a
superconductor in the gapped regions. We argue that this dichotomy in the
dispersion is hard to reconcile with a competing order parameter, but is
consistent with pairing without condensation
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