Seasonal variation in bacterial contamination of water sources with antibiotic resistant faecal coliforms in relation to pollution

Water sample were collected from piped supplies, surface water and ground water sources in different locations of Lucknow city during summer, monsoon and winter season. Bacteriological quality of samples was determined by enumerating coliform isolated were subject to antibiotic susceptibility test with disc diffusion method. Maximum coliform and faecal coliform contamination were recorded during summer (67% and 75%) and monsoon (67% and 58.3%) while minimum during winter (50% and 50%). All the test isolates exhibited resistance (for nine antibiotics) was shown by river isolates. Antibiotic resistance index (ARI) ranged from 0.050 to 0.150 exhibiting the broad spectrum resistance for 3 to 9 out of 10 antibiotics tested. Occurrence of faecal pollution indicator organisms and multiple antibiotics resistance bacterial population in drinking water is alarming and a sign of potential health with therapeutic problems

Secure Routing Protocol for Integrated UMTS and WLAN Ad Hoc Networks

The integrated UMTS and WLAN ad hoc networks are getting more and more popular as they hold substantial advantages by next generation networks. We introduce a new secure, robust routing protocol specifically designed for next generation technologies and evaluated its performance. The design of the SNAuth_SPERIPv2 secure routing protocol takes advantage to the integrated network, maintaining Quality of Service (QoS) under Wormhole Attack (WHA). This paper compares performance of newly developed secure routing protocol with other security schemes for CBR video streaming service under WHA

Observational Evidence of Sausage-Pinch Instability in Solar Corona by SDO/AIA

We present the first observational evidence of the evolution of sausage-pinch instability in Active Region 11295 during a prominence eruption using data recorded on 12 September 2011 by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) onboard the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). We have identified a magnetic flux tube visible in AIA 304 \AA\ that shows curvatures on its surface with variable cross-sections as well as enhanced brightness. These curvatures evolved and thereafter smoothed out within a time-scale of a minute. The curved locations on the flux tube exhibit a radial outward enhancement of the surface of about 1-2 Mm (factor of 2 larger than the original thickness of the flux tube) from the equilibrium position. AIA 193 \AA\ snapshots also show the formation of bright knots and narrow regions inbetween at the four locations as that of 304 \AA\ along the flux tube where plasma emission is larger compared to the background. The formation of bright knots over an entire flux tube as well as the narrow regions in < 60 s may be the morphological signature of the sausage instability. We also find the flows of the confined plasma in these bright knots along the field lines, which indicates the dynamicity of the flux tube that probably causes the dominance of the longitudinal field component over short temporal scales. The observed longitudinal motion of the plasma frozen in the magnetic field lines further vanishes the formed curvatures and plasma confinements as well as growth of instability to stablize the flux tube.Comment: 12 pages, 5 figure