375 research outputs found
Sensitization of human malignant lymphoid cells to etoposide by fucoidan, a brown seaweed polysaccharide
The search for the substances sensitizing cancer cells to apoptosis induction by chemotherapeutic agents is a task of high importance in the modern strategy of anticancer therapy. The aim of the study was to investigate the apoptogenic and apoptosis-modulating activities of fucoidan (sulfated polysaccharide) isolated from far-eastern brown seaweeds Fucus evanescens in two human malignant lymphoid cell lines, MT-4 and Namalwa. Methods: Apoptosis was assessed morphologically and quantified by flow cytometry analysis of cells stained with propidium iodide. Caspase-3 activation was assayed by flow cytometry with the aid of labeled monoclonal antibodies. Results: The fucoidan at 500 Β΅g/ml was not cytotoxic in MT-4 or Namalwa cells even in the setting of long-term presence in culture medium up to 14 days. Nevertheless, pretreatment of MT-4 but not Namalwa cells with fucoidan followed by the exposure to DNA topoisomerase II inhibitor etoposide led to about two-fold increase in the relative apoptotic index as compared with etoposide alone. Apoptosis enhancement of MT-4 cells by fucoidan was not accompanied by further increase in the number of the cells with active form of caspase-3. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate for the first time that fucoidan enhances etoposide induced caspase-dependent cell death pathway in MT-4 but not Namalwa cell line. The mechanisms of such enhancement do not seem to be related directly to caspase-3 activation.ΠΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠ· Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΈΡΠΊ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ². Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ: ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ
Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π° β ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π°ΡΠΈΠ΄Π°, Π²ΡΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅Π²ΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π±ΡΡΠΎΠΉ
Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈ Fucus evanescens, Π½Π° Π΄Π²ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΡΡ
Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° MT-4 ΠΈ Namalwa. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·
Π²ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ, ΠΎΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΉΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. ΠΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΊΠ»ΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΌΠΈ.
Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ: ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ Π² Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅ 500 ΠΌΠΊΠ³/ΠΌΠ» Π½Π΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ» ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
MT-4 ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Namalwa Π΄Π°ΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ
ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡΠ°Ρ
Π΄ΠΎ 14 ΡΡΡ. ΠΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½Π°Ρ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±Π°ΡΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ MT-4 Ρ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠΌ Π² ΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π΄ΠΎΠ·Π΅
ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»Π° ΠΊ Π΄Π²ΡΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΠΠ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΈΠ·ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Ρ II
ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Namalwa Π½Π΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ. ΠΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π΄Π΅ΠΊΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
MT-4
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Ρ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3, Π² ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Π°. ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ: Π²ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ²ΡΠ΅
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ½ΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π° ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΡΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ· Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
MT-4.
ΠΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ±Π½ΡΠΉ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π» Π² ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Namalwa. ΠΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π·Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΠΊ ΡΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ·ΠΈΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΊΠΎΠΈΠ΄Π°Π½Π°, ΠΏΠΎ-Π²ΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΌΡ, Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΌΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½ Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3
Finance, foreign (direct) investment, and the Dutch disease: the case of Colombia
In recent years Colombia has grown relatively rapidly, but it has been a biased growth. The energy sector (the locomotora minero-energetica, to use the rhetorical expression of President Juan Manuel Santos) grew much faster than the rest of the economy, while the manufacturing sector registered a negative rate of growth. These are classic symptoms of the well-known βDutch diseaseβ, but our purpose here is not to establish whether the Dutch disease exists or not, but rather to shed some light on the financial viability of several, simultaneous dynamics: (i) the existence of a traditional Dutch Disease being due to a large increase in mining exports and a significant exchange rate appreciation; (ii) a massive increase in foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in the mining sector; (iii) a rather passive monetary policy, aimed at increasing purchasing power via exchange rate appreciation; (iv) more recently, a large distribution of dividends from Colombia to the rest of the world and the accumulation of mounting financial liabilities. The paper will show that these dynamics constitute a potential danger for the stability of the Colombian economy. Some policy recommendations are also discussed
Policy volatility and growth
The paper aims to examine how fiscal and monetary volatility might affect the balanced economic growth rate using a standard monetary growth model characterized by nominal wage rigidity and productive public spending. The model shows that any type of shock β monetary or fiscal β can generate either a negative or positive relationship between short-run volatility and long-run growth, critically de- pending on the size of government and the elasticity of output with respect to labor/ capital. In particular, given the labor income share, it shows that excessive government spending may cause the impact of fiscal volatility on long-run growth to turn from positive to negative. In addition, a rise in the volatility of the monetary shock is capable of generating either an increase or decrease in the mean of growth. With the range of the labor share values in reality, the model produces results consistent with the fact that the relationship between volatility and growth is generally found empirically to be more negative in developing than in developed countries. The model can be seen as a further explanation for the ambiguous empirical evidence in the existing literature.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio
Enabling low-carbon development in poor countries
The challenges associated with achieving sustainable development goals and stabilizing the worldβs climate cannot be solved without significant efforts by developing and newly-emerging countries. With respect to climate change mitigation, the main challenge for developing countries lies in avoiding future emissions and lock-ins into emission-intensive technologies, rather than reducing todayβs emissions. While first best policy instruments like carbon prices could prevent increasing carbonization, those policies are often rejected by developing countries out of a concern for negative repercussions on development and long-term growth. In addition, policy environments in developing countries impose particular challenges for regulatory policy aiming to incentivize climate change mitigation and sustainable development. This chapter first discusses how climate policy could potentially interact with sustainable development and economic growth. It focuses, in particular, on the role of industrial sector development. The chapter then continues by discussing how effective policy could be designed, specifically taking developing country circumstances into account
Dutch disease-cum-financialization booms and external balance cycles in developing countries
We formally investigate the medium-to-long-run dynamics emerging out of a Dutch disease-cum-financialization phenomenon. We take inspiration from the most recent Colombian development pattern. The βpureβ Dutch disease first causes deindustrialization by permanently appreciating the economyβs exchange rate in the long run. Financialization, i.e. booming capital inflows taking place in a climate of natural resource-led financial over-optimism, causes medium-run exchange rate volatility and macroeconomic instability. This jeopardizes manufacturing development even further by raising macroeconomic uncertainty. We advise the adoption of capital controls and a developmentalist monetary policy to tackle these two distinct but often intertwined phenomena
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