Characterisation of proteolytic enzymes of Eurygaster integriceps Put. (Sunn bug), a major pest of cereals

Eurygaster integriceps (Sunn pest or Sunn bug) is one of the most significant pests of wheat and is responsible for substantial losses in yield and quality of wheat grain in Europe and Asia. Sunn pest salivary gland-derived proteases and other hydrolases damage grain proteins and starch. Characterisation of protease activities from both Sunn pest salivary glands and Sunn pest-damaged wheat grains revealed a broad range of activities in terms of substrate specificity and diversity of isoelectric point. Neutral and alkaline proteases present in Sunn pest-damaged grains were shown to be capable of hydrolyzing gluten proteins, whilst some proteases were also shown to be active against gelatin. The neutral serine proteases present play the dominant role in degradation of gluten quality. The sensitivity of some proteases to proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous serine proteinase inhibitors was shown, including that of a recombinantly expressed protease. It was found that proteases isolated from Sunn pest salivary glands could be activated by trypsin indicating that they are present as zymogens in vivo. Analysis of individual Sunn pest-damaged grains showed great diversity in the proteases present. This work highlights the challenges of developing proteinase inhibitors to manage Sunn pest damage

Magnetism of coupled spin tetrahedra in ilinskite-type KCu5_{5}O2_2(SeO3_3)2_2Cl3_3

Synthesis, thermodynamic properties, and microscopic magnetic model of ilinskite-type KCu$_{5}$O$_2$(SeO$_3$)$_2$Cl$_3$ built by corner-sharing Cu$_4$ tetrahedra are reported, and relevant magnetostructural correlations are discussed. Quasi-one-dimensional magnetic behavior with the short-range order around 50\,K and the absence of long-range order down to at least 2\,K is observed experimentally and explained in terms of weakly coupled spin ladders (tubes) with a complex topology formed upon fragmentation of the tetrahedral network. This fragmentation is rooted in the non-trivial effect of the SeO$_3$ groups that render the Cu--O--Cu superexchange strongly ferromagnetic.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Antibodies raised against a Sunn bug (Eurygaster integriceps Put.) recombinant protease, rGHP3p2, can inhibit gluten‐hydrolyzing activity

Sunn pest or Sunn bug, Eurygaster integriceps Put., salivary gland proteases are responsible for the deterioration of wheat flour quality during dough mixing, resulting from gluten hydrolysis. These proteases are highly heterogeneous and show low sensitivity to most types of proteinaceous inhibitors, meaning that such inhibitors cannot be used to prevent gluten damage. The present study describes the generation of a specific peptide antibody, raised against the active center of the recombinant gluten-hydrolyzing protease (GHP3). The recombinant protein, encoding two repeats of the GHP3 sequence element involved in forming the S4 pocket and binding of substrate at position P4, was designed and expressed in Escherichia coli. The antibodies raised to this recombinant protein showed inhibitory activity against the GHP3 protease. The results indicate that it is possible to design specific antibodies to inhibit wheat-bug gluten-hydrolyzing proteases

Human capital trends in the education field in the context of digital transformation

Исследованы особенности трансформации человеческого капитала работников образовательной сферы в период кризиса в контексте цифровизации. Выявлено несоответствие традиционной системы образования запросам информационного общества, в том числе из-за отсутствия системного подхода к цифровизации данной сферы и подготовки кадров. Делается вывод, что кризис COVID-19 может инициировать цифровую трансформацию образовательного процесса.The features of the transformation of the human capital of educational workers during the crisis in the context of digitalization have been investigated. The discrepancy between the traditional education system and the needs of the information society was revealed, including due to the lack of a systematic approach to the digitalization of this area and training. It is concluded that the COVID-19 crisis can initiate the digital transformation of the educational process.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ, проект № 19–29–07131 «Моделирование и измерение человеческого капитала и формы его проявления в контексте цифровизации экономики: ресурсы, потоки, институты»

Mathematical model of stacked one-sided arrangement of the burners

Paper is aimed at computer simulation of the turbulent methane-air combustion in upgraded U-shaped boiler unit. To reduce the temperature in the flame and hence NOx release every burner output was reduced, but the number of the burners was increased. The subject of studying: complex of characteristics with space-time fields in the upgraded steam boiler E-370 with natural circulation. The flare structure, temperature and concentrations were determined computationally

Obesity is the basis of metabolic syndrome

Metabolic syndrome is a symptom complex that is based on visceral obesity and insulin resistance. Its prevalence is quite high, which is a big problem, since this condition increases the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases and mortality from them. Metabolic syndrome includes, in addition to abdominal obesity, arterial hypertension, disorders of carbohydrate, lipid and purine metabolism. Visceral adipose tissue plays a key role in the formation of insulin resistance and other components of the metabolic syndrome. This is due to the fact that abdominal fat, in contrast to subcutaneous fat, synthesizes pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as adipokines — adipose tissue hormones that are involved in the formation of insulin resistance, affect carbohydrate and fat metabolism and the cardiovascular system. These include leptin, adiponectin, resistin, apelin and others. Some adipokines have an adverse effect on metabolism and increase cardiovascular risks, while others, on the contrary, have a positive effect. Taking into account their role in the development of the components of the metabolic syndrome, the possibilities of a therapeutic effect on the hormones of adipose tissue to improve metabolic processes and prevent complications associated with it are discussed

Old and New Fields on Super Riemann Surfaces

The ``new fields" or ``superconformal functions" on $N=1$ super Riemann surfaces introduced recently by Rogers and Langer are shown to coincide with the Abelian differentials (plus constants), viewed as a subset of the functions on the associated $N=2$ super Riemann surface. We confirm that, as originally defined, they do not form a super vector space.Comment: 9 pages, LaTex. Published version: minor changes for clarity, two new reference

ESTIMATION OF PREVALENCE OF ADVERSE GENOTYPES AND POLYMORPHIC ALLELES OF GENES-CANDIDATES OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN CHILDREN WITH ENDEMIC GOITER IN ZABAYKALSKY KRAI

This study is devoted to study the prevalence of genotypes and polymorphic alleles of genes-candidates of arterial hypertension in children with endemic goiter (EZ) in the Zabaykalsky Krai. To identify the frequency of occurrence of adverse genotypes and alleles polymorphisms Gly16Arg ADRB2, Gln27Glu ADRB2 and Thr174Met gene AGT, as factors of risk of development of arterial hypertension, were examined 194 children aged 7-11 years with a diagnosis of endemic goiter. The frequency of mutant allele 16Gly genotype Gly16Arg associated with increased agonist-induced suppression of beta-2 adrenergic receptors has not been above (63,2 %) than in the group of healthy children (60,3 %) (p(j2) > 0.05). The frequency of allele Arg16 defining a greater degree of vasodilating effect, was 39.7 % and 36.8 %, respectively (p(x2) > 0.05). Thefrequency characteristics of alleles genotype Gln27Glu in group I were the following: wild type 27Glu 41 %, the mutant allele Gln27 59 %, in the control group 42,2 % (p(χ2) > 0.05) and 57.8 % (pfy2) > 0.05) respectively. The frequency of wild-type Thr174 genotype Thr174Met accounted for 85.3 % in group I and 86.2 % in the control group (p(x2) > 0.05) and the frequency of occurrence ofthe mutated allele 174Met 14.7 % in the group of children with diffuse nontoxic goiter and 13.8 % in healthy children, respectively (pCx2) > 0.05). Significant differences in the distribution of genotypes and alleles between groups are not identified, and the frequency characteristics were comparable with the prevalence in the population and the results of other authors. The distribution of genotypes and frequency of alleles of a gene Gly16Arg and Gln27Glu ADRB2, Thr174Metgene AGT in both groups corresponded to the expected according to the hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in the population sample. The results obtained in the course of molecular-genetic study led to the conclusion that polymorphisms Gly16Arg ADRB2, Gln27Glu ADRB2 and Thr174Met gene AGT are not factors of risk of development of arterial hypertension in children with endemic goiter