Strongly nil *-clean rings

A $*$-ring $R$ is called {\em strongly nil $*$-clean} if every element of $R$ is the sum of a projection and a nilpotent element that commute with each other. In this paper we investigate some properties of strongly nil $*$-rings and prove that $R$ is a strongly nil $*$-clean ring if and only if every idempotent in $R$ is a projection, $R$ is periodic, and $R/J(R)$ is Boolean. We also prove that a $*$-ring $R$ is commutative, strongly nil $*$-clean and every primary ideal is maximal if and only if every element of $R$ is a projection

Rings having normality in terms of the Jacobson radical

A ring R is defined to be J-normal if for any a, r∈ R and idempotent e∈ R, ae= 0 implies Rera⊆ J(R) , where J(R) is the Jacobson radical of R. The class of J-normal rings lies between the classes of weakly normal rings and left min-abel rings. It is proved that R is J-normal if and only if for any idempotent e∈ R and for any r∈ R, R(1 - e) re⊆ J(R) if and only if for any n≥ 1 , the n× n upper triangular matrix ring Un(R) is a J-normal ring if and only if the Dorroh extension of R by Z is J-normal. We show that R is strongly regular if and only if R is J-normal and von Neumann regular. For a J-normal ring R, it is obtained that R is clean if and only if R is exchange. We also investigate J-normality of certain subrings of the ring of 2 × 2 matrices over R. © 2018, The Author(s)

Recurrent somatic mutations in POLR2A define a distinct subset of meningiomas

RNA polymerase II mediates the transcription of all protein-coding genes in eukaryotic cells, a process that is fundamental to life. Genomic mutations altering this enzyme have not previously been linked to any pathology in humans, which is a testament to its indispensable role in cell biology. On the basis of a combination of next-generation genomic analyses of 775 meningiomas, we report that recurrent somatic p.Gln403Lys or p.Leu438_His439del mutations in POLR2A, which encodes the catalytic subunit of RNA polymerase II (ref. 1), hijack this essential enzyme and drive neoplasia. POLR2A mutant tumors show dysregulation of key meningeal identity genes including WNT6 and ZIC1/ZIC4. In addition to mutations in POLR2A, NF2, SMARCB1, TRAF7, KLF4, AKT1, PIK3CA, and SMO4 we also report somatic mutations in AKT3, PIK3R1, PRKAR1A, and SUFU in meningiomas. Our results identify a role for essential transcriptional machinery in driving tumorigenesis and define mutually exclusive meningioma subgroups with distinct clinical and pathological features

Central CNZ rings

In this note, we introduce the concept of central CNZ rings, which is a generalization of CNZ rings [1]. A ring R is called central CNZ if for any a, b ?nil(R), ab = 0 implies that ba is central, where nil(R) is the set of all nilpotent elements in R. We investigate the structure of central CNZ rings and their related properties. © 2018, Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics, National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan. All rights reserved.Firat University Scientific Research Projects Management Unit --This work was supported by Ahi Evran University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit. Project Number: FEF. E2. 17. 055. -

Color doppler ultrasound of the ocular circulation in diabetic retinopathy

Amaç: Diabetik retinopatiye bağlı gelişen retrobülber hemodinamik akım değişikliklerini Renkli Doppler ultrason (RDUS) tekniği ile incelemek. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kırk diyabetik hasta ve 20 sağlıklı birey çalışmaya alındı. Diabetik hastalar, diyabetik retinopati (DR) derecesine göre background diyabetik retinopati (BDR) grubu ve poliferatif diyabetik retinopati (PDR) grubu olmak üzere 2 gruba ayrıldı. Grupların her birinde 20’şer olgu mevcuttu. Çalışmaya alınan hastalar 55-65 yaş aralığında idi. Gruplar açlık kan şekeri (AKŞ) ve glikolize hemoglobin (HbA1c) düzeyleri bakımından incelendi. Tüm olgularda oftalmik arter (OA), santral retinal arter (SRA), kısa posterior siliyer arterin (KPSA), maksimum sistolik hız (MSH) ve diyastolik akım hızı (EDH) ile rezistivite indeksi (RI) renkli Doppler ultrason ile değerlendirildi. Sonuçlar gruplar arasında karşılaştırıldı. Bulgular: OA sistolik akım hızlarında anlamlı değişiklik saptanırken, RI artmasına paralel EDH’de diyabetin ileri evrelerinde belirgin azalma izlendi. SRA’de sistolik akım hızlarında, kontrol grubuna göre diyabet grubunda hem de diyabet grupları arasında anlamlı azalma saptanırken, diyastolik akım hızlarında anlamlı değişiklik saptanmadı. RI’de artmış bulundu. KPSA’de de diyabetik retinopati evrelerinde, kontrol grubuna göre sistolik ve diyastolik akım hızlarındaki azalmalar anlamlı idi. RI ise diyabetik retinopatinin evresine uygun olarak artmaktaydı. Gruplar arasında AKŞ ve HbA1c bakımından anlamlı fark bulundu.Sonuç: diyabetik retinopatiye bağlı gelişen retrobulber hemodinamik akım değişiklikleri ölçümü renkli Doppler ultrason tekniği ile yapılabilir.Aim: To measure blood flow velocity in the ocular circulation in patients with diabetic reinopathy. Material and Method: In our study, we examined 40 patients and 20 healthy controls. Diabetic patients were divided into 2 groups according to the degree of diabetic retinopathy. BDR and PDR group in each group was present 20 cases. Included in the study patients were in the 55-65 age range. Groups, fasting blood glucose level and HbA1c level were examined. For each case, OA, SRA, SPSA, systolic and diastolic flow rates, and RI were examined with RDUS. Results in the control group and diabetic groups compared. Results: Significant difference was found for OA, systolic blood flow rates, while diastolic blood flow rates were markedly diminished with increasing RI’in advanced stages of DR. SRA systolic blood flow rates were found sinificantly decreased when compared with the control group and also with advancing DR. No significant change in diastolic flow velocity was detected. RI was also increased. Diastolic and systolic flow rates in SPSA were significantly decreased in DR patients compared to the healthy controls. RI for SPSA increased with advancing DR stage. Significant difference was found for fasting blood glucose level and HbA1c level between groups. Conclusion: Diabetic retinopathy developed retrobulbar hemodynamics changes flow measurement with color Doppler ultrasound technique can be done