2,437 research outputs found
Uniform Cycles in Earthquakes: A Statistical Study
In the evaluation of soil behavior due to earthquake motions, uniform intensity load cycles are frequently used instead of irregular-patterned loadings generated during actual earthquakes. A statistical conversion procedure is discussed in this paper based on results available in the literature. The actual irregular stress-time history produced by an earthquake can be represented by uniform amplitude cyclic stresses, although there may be considerable uncertainty associated with them. The statistical relationship proposed here between the earthquake magnitude and the equivalent uniform stress cycles is somewhat different from the relationship commonly used in practice. It is observed in this study that this discrepancy may not yield significant differences in estimating the soil strength in a liquefaction study. However, this variation should not be overlooked in other soil dynamics problems involving earthquake loading
Magnetic and the magnetocaloric properties of Ce1-xRxFe2 and Ce(Fe1-xMx)2 compounds
We have studied selected rare earth doped and transition metal doped CeFe2
compounds by examining their structural, magnetic and magneto-thermal
properties. With substitution of Ce by 5 and 10% Gd and 10% Ho, the Curie
temperature can be tuned to the range of 267-318 K. Localization of Ce 4f
electronic state with rare earth substitutions is attributed for the
enhancement of Curie temperature. On the other hand, with Ga and Al
substitution at the Fe site, system undergoes paramagnetic to ferromagnetic
transition and then to an antiferromagnetic phase on cooling. The
magnetocaloric effect across the transitions has been studied from both
magnetization isotherms and heat capacity data. It is shown that by choosing
the appropriate dopant and its concentration, the magnetocaloric effect around
room temperature can be tuned.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures, 2 table
Magnetism in Gallium doped CeFe_2: The martensitic scenario
Ce(Fe_{1-x}Ga_x)_2 compounds with x = 0, 0.01, 0.025 and 0.05 have been
investigated to unravel the effect of Ga on the magnetic state of CeFe_2. For
the first time, we find that the dynamic antiferromagnetic phase present in
CeFe_2 gets stabilized with Ga substitution. The hysteresis loops show that
while the compounds with x = 0 and 0.01 show normal behavior, the other two
show multiple magnetization steps across the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic
transition region. The virgin curve is found to lie outside the envelope curve
in these two compounds, similar to the observations made in Ru and Re
substituted CeFe_2 compounds. Temperature, sweep rate and time dependences of
the magnetization show that the compounds with x >=0.025 possess glassy
behavior at low temperatures. Various results obtained reveal that these two
compounds belong to the martensite family.Comment: 23 pages, 12 Figure
How should India reform its labour laws?
This paper examines the current policy debate around the reform of labour laws in India, which has been stimulated in part by the success of the “Gujarat model of economic development.” Gujarat’s deregulatory reforms have included changes to the legal regime governing employment terminations, which could form a basis for a change in national-level labour laws. Evidence linking labour law deregulation to growth, however, is weak, whether the focus is on India or the experience of other countries. Building labour market institutions is a long-term process which requires investment in state capacity for the management of risks associated with the transition to a formal economy.ESRCThis is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Sameeksha Trust via http://www.epw.in/journal/2015/12/special-articles/how-should-india-reform-its-labour-laws.htm
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