Mass-symmetry breaking in three-body ions

The ground-state energy of three-body ions $(M^+,M^+,m^-)$ evolves when the like-charge constituents are given different masses. The comparison of $(m_1^+,m_2^+,m^-)$ with the average of $(m_1^+,m_1^+,m^-)$ and $(m_2^+,m_2^+,m^-)$ reveals a competition between the symmetric term and the antisymmetric one. The former dominates in the Born--Oppenheimer regime such as the (p,t,e) case, while the latter wins for H$^-$-like systems with two negative light particles surrounding a heavy nucleus. A comparison is also made with the case of baryons in simple quark models with flavour independence.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Parabolic pulse generation with active or passive dispersion decreasing optical fibers

We experimentally demonstrate the possibility to generate parabolic pulses via a single dispersion decreasing optical fiber with normal dispersion. We numerically and experimentally investigate the influence of the dispersion profile, and we show that a hybrid configuration combining dispersion decrease and gain has several benefits on the parabolic generated pulses

STRUCTURE FORMATION PROCESS OF HYDRATED PORTLAND CEMENT COMPOSITIONS: NANOSCALE LEVEL CONTROL

Durability of cement-like construction materials, as well as durability of cement stone, depends on their humidity resistance, frost resistance, corrosion resistance. All of these properties depend not only on the composition of the original clinker, but also on structural organization at micro-and nanoscale level of hydrated portland cement compositions. In this research the authors used the method of small-angle neutron scattering to define structural parameters of hydrated portland cement compositions on nanoscale level, distribution of calcium hydrate silicate nanoparticles in size, medium nanoparticles radius, fractal dimension. It is shown, that introduction of modifying nanoadditives into portland cement compositions affects structural parameters of a cement stone. The following nanoadditives were used: of artificial (alpha aluminium oxide, gamma aluminum oxide) and of anthropogenic (carbonate and alumo-alkaline sludges) origin, as well as integrated nanoadditives containing surfactants. The change in structural parameters of portland cement compositions with nanoadditives in the process of hydration is investigated. It is shown that use of nanoadditives allows to control the process of forming the structure of hydrated portland cement composition on the nanoscale level, directly affect the values of structural parameters and, as a result, modify properties of cement stone

Height-latitude structure of stationary planetary waves in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere

Daily UK Met Office stratospheric assimilated data for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, accumulated for the period from 2004 to 2012 and pressure range of 1000-0.1 hPa, are used in this paper. The paper presents and thoroughly discusses spatial-temporal distributions of stationary planetary wave (SPW) amplitudes and phases, calculated on the basis of geopotential height, temperature, zonal and meridional wind data for zonal wave numbers 1 and 2 (SPW1 and SPW2). The climatological planetary wave amplitudes and phases are calculated by extracting waves from three types of data: daily, monthly mean and climatological monthly mean. It has been established that magnitude of amplitudes and height-latitude distribution of amplitudes of SPW1 and SPW2 depend on data processing method for all parameters. It has also been established that height-latitude distribution amplitudes and phases significantly differ for geopotential height, temperature, zonal and meridional wind and depend on wave number and hemisphere. However, height-latitude distributions of phases are little different from each other for the used methods of data processing. © 2013 COSPAR

Применение модифицированного метода вакуум-терапии при лечении инфицированных постстернотомных ран

Sternal wound infections are a terrible complication that require long and complex treatment.The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of using the modified method of vacuum therapy to treat purulentseptic complications of post-sternotomy wounds in clinical practice.Materials and methods. According to the applied method of vacuum therapy, all patients with infectious complications of post-sternotomy wounds were divided into two groups (n = 25, average age 56.6 years). The classical vacuum therapy was used in the first group consisting of 12 patients. In the second group, 13 patients were treated with the help of the modified method of vacuum therapy.Results. In the first group, 1 patient (8.3%) experienced osteomyelitis of the sternum, following a partial resection of bone plates; 1 patient (8.3%) developed sternal fistulas, which required long-term treatment; 1 patient (8.3%) had bleeding due to the injury of the left brachiocephalic venous trunk because of the direct contact of the polyurethane pad with the blood vessel wall. The bleeding was eliminated by fixing the damaged area of the vascular wall with U-shaped sutures using polytetrafluoroethylene pads. In the second group, no complications of this nature were observed. The modified method of vacuum therapy allows for the effective evacuation of the hemorrhagic discharge of the wound surface, the reduction of the degree of pathogen contamination in the adjacent tissues, and the elimination of bleeding risk .Conclusion. The modified method of vacuum therapy in combination with effective algorithms for treating purulent-septic complications of post-sternotomy wounds allows physicians to avoid fatal complications and achieve good clinical results.Актуальность. Раневая стернальная инфекция является грозным осложнением, требующим длительного и сложного лечения.Цель исследования. Оценка результатов применения модифицированного метода вакуум-терапии при лечении гнойно-септических осложнений постстернотомных ран.Материалы и методы. Все пациенты с инфекционными осложнениями постстернотомных ран (n = 25, средний возраст 56,6 лет) разделены на две группы. В 1-ю группу вошли 12 пациентов, у которых использовался классический метод вакуум-терапии. Во 2-й группе для лечения 13 пациентов применялся модифицированный метод вакуум-терапии.Результаты. В 1-й группе у 1 (8,3%) больного наблюдался остеомиелит грудины, выполнена частичная резекция костных пластин, у 1 (8,3%) возникли стерно-кутальные свищи, что потребовало длительного лечения, у 1 (8,3%) вследствие травматизации левого венозного брахиоцефального ствола на фоне прямого контакта полиуретанового наполнителя со стенкой сосуда – кровотечение. Кровотечение удалось ликвидировать, ушив поврежденный участок сосудистой стенки п-образными швами с использованием прокладок из политетрафторэтилена. Во 2-й группе осложнений подобного характера не наблюдалось. Применение модифицированного метода вакуум-терапии позволяет эффективно эвакуировать геморрагическое отделяемое раневой поверхности, уменьшить степень контаминации патогеном прилежащих тканей, исключает риск возникновения кровотечения.Заключение. Применение модифицированного метода вакуум-терапии в сочетании с эффективными алгоритмами лечения гнойно-септических осложнений постстернотомных ран позволяют избежать фатальных осложнений и добиться хороших клинических результатов

Height and time variability of planetary wave activity

The height-season and year-to-year regularities of parameters of first and second spatial harmonics determine the structure of the stratosphere and mesosphere circulation and its variability. In the period 1992-2002 at heights 0-55 km, the amplitudes and phases of the first and second spatial harmonics in the field of temperature, geopotential height, zonal and meridional wind were calculated by the method of harmonic decomposition. Dispersion (standard or mean square deviation) of their day-to-day and year-to-year variations was calculated by their wavelength constants. Height and season patterns of variability have been estimated. The difference in height-longitude variability for wave numbers m = 1 and 2 has been discovered. At the same time, the intensity of wave disturbances for m = 1 is less than for m = 2 excluding the polar areas, where a significant variability appears at the heights 0-55 km. There is also a tendency for the intensity of year-to-year variations to decrease in comparison with day-to-day variations. In cold and warm periods the amplitude of perturbation waves with m = 2 both for day-to-day and year-to-year variations is greater than for waves with m = 1. Transient height areas in the interval of 20-30 km are more distinct for day-to-day variations of polar area. The mean square deviation (RMS) of the first harmonic of the zonal and meridional winds is less than that of the second harmonic and its year-to-year variability is less than day-to-day one. The amplitude of the first harmonic of zonal and meridional wind is higher than the amplitude of the second harmonic, and the day-to-day variability is greater than the year-to-year variability for the Northern hemisphere. The heterogeneous height and latitude structure is a characteristic of the year-to-year variation of the phase of the second harmonic. It could be caused by a non-steady state of the second harmonic. Crown Copyright © 2008

Changes in agrochemical parameters of leached chernozem under the influence of differentiated use of minerals

The article presents the results of studies conducted in 2004-2010 at the experimental plot in the forest-steppe Volga region. The research investigated the impact of traditional (average) and differentiated use of mineral fertilizers in the field crop rotation (winter wheat (reconnaissance sowing) – spring wheat ‒ annual grass – spring barley – bare fallow– winter wheat – spring wheat) on the change of agrochemical properties of leached chernozem. It was established that the six-year use of fertilizers contributed to the improvement of the main indicators of top soil fertility regardless of application technology. On average, in 15 sectors (plots) of each variant, the content of mobile phosphorus per rotation of crop rotation increased with differentiated fertilization by 15.9%, potassium – by 15%, and in the traditional one – by 4.8 and 16.7% respectively, (control of 100.8 and 116.2 mg/kg of soil, respectively). In sectors where no fertilizer was applied, the content of mobile elements decreased by 2-7%. The nitrogen content in the soil directly depended on the timing of sampling and the amount of moisture in the soil, so it was difficult to track its change. The difference in the accumulation of mineral nitrogen between the technologies of fertilizer application was not observed. For organic matter in all variants of the experience over the years of research there was a decrease in the indicator. This was more noticeable in the control, where the value decreased by 2.7%. Here, the value of soil acidity increased by 0.12 units and became 4.7. In variants with fertilizers soil acidity remained the same (4.6-4.7). In general, the differentiated use of mineral fertilizers did not have a negative influence on the agrochemical composition of leached chernozem. There was a gradual equalization of soil fertility due to the residual amounts of phosphorus and potassium on low-fertile plots and some reduction of mobile elements in zones with high content

Height variability of solar effects on dynamical processes of middle atmosphere

Large-scale changes observed in the atmosphere can be explained by the connection with solar processes. For region of Kazan the within-year variability is mainly determined by annual and semi-annual oscillations, which are investigated in the present work. The analysis of height profiles of coefficients of dependence of these processes on solar activity demonstrates the expressed height variability of their values, even change of their sign. The most expressed 11-year oscillation of the solar activity is in antiphase with 11-year periodicities of variations of annual average values of zonal wind. For the series of amplitudes of annual oscillations it is in phase with solar activity variations. In all probability, the most expressed solar effects on large-scale dynamic processes of atmosphere are mainly caused by 11-year periodicity of variations of solar activity. © 2006

Seasonal variations of planetary waves intensity in the middle atmosphere

In this papers the investigation of time variations of the energy of background motions as well as the intensity of the planetary waves by continuous measurements in the height range of the middle-latitude middle atmosphere was fulfilled. Height and seasonal regularities for the period of time 1992-2001 are established. Oservatioris during the period close to the cycle of solar activity allow to find a stable height and seasonal structure of energetic parameters for the middle atmosphere being investigated in the work. We found differences of the height profiles of phases and also the difference of intensity of annual and semiannual oscillations of kinetic energy of background and vortical motions on the different height levels of the middle atmosphere. The annual oscillations prevail on heights of the tropostratosphere while the semiannual oscillations plays a main role in the seasonal varations on heights of the upper mesosphere - lower termosphere. The strong difference of height profiles of phase of the maximum of annual and semiannual oscillations on heights of the upper mesosphere - lower termosphere indicates the different origin of these oscillations in this height range