Исторические и современные аспекты хирургического лечения аномалии Эбштейна

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are recognized as the most common type of congenital pathology. The frequency of CHDs reaches 2.4–14.2 % per 1 000 newborns. Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare and complex pathology that can be manifested clinically at any age. Drug treatment is ineffective in patients with this pathology. Preference in this case should be given to surgical treatment. Cardiac surgeons must know basic methods of correction of this pathology, their advantages, and disadvantages. The literature review shows the evolution of Ebstein’s anomaly surgical correction techniques from the middle of the XX century to the present moment. The description of the main tricuspid valve repair techniques, which had an impact on the development of Ebstein’s anomaly surgery, is given. The volume of flap tissue that can be separated from the wall of the right ventricle is the key to successful valve repair. A case of tricuspid valve repair and replacement is given. “Cone” reconstruction is the most promising modern technique. There is also a need in new techniques and modification of the existing ones. The works aimed at their improvement and elimination of imperfections are promising.На сегодняшний день врожденные пороки сердца (ВПС) занимают одно из ведущих мест среди всей врожденной патологии. Частота ВПС достигает 2,4–14,2% на 1 000 новорожденных. Аномалия Эбштейна – редкая и сложная патология, клиническая картина которой может проявляться в любом возрасте. Медикаментозное лечение пациентов с этой патологией малоэффективно. Предпочтение в данном случае следует отдать хирургическому лечению. Для кардиохирурга важно знать основные методы коррекции этой патологии, их преимущества и недостатки.В литературном обзоре показана эволюция методов хирургических коррекции аномалии Эбштейна с середины XX в. по настоящий момент. Дано описание хирургической техники основных способов пластики трикуспидального клапана, оказавших влияние на развитие хирургии аномалии Эбштейна. Ключевым моментом для успешной пластики клапана становится объем ткани створки, который возможно отделить от стенки правого желудочка. Приведен опыт выполнения протезирования и пластики трехстворчатого клапана. Наиболее многообещающим методом на сегодняшний день является «конусная» реконструкция. Таким образом, существует необходимость поиска новых методов и модификации уже имеющихся. Работы, направленные на их усовершенствование и устранение недостатков, являются перспективными

Polydimethylsiloxane bilayer films with an embedded spontaneous curvature

International audienceElastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films with embedded in-plane gradient stress are created by making PDMS/(PDMS + silicone oil) crosslinked bilayers and extracting the oil in a suitable organic solvent bath. The collapse of the elastomer after oil extraction generates differential stress in the films that is manifested through their out-of-plane deformation. The curvature κ of narrow stripes of the bilayer, which is composed of layers of approximately equal thicknesses and elasticity moduli, is satisfactorily described by the simple relationship κ = 1.5δH−1, where δ is the mechanical strain, and H is the total thickness of the bilayer. Curvature mapping of triangular PDMS plates reveals the existence of spherical and cylindrical types of deformation at different locations of the plates. Various 3D-shaped objects can be formed by the self-folding of appropriately designed 2D patterns that are cut from the films, or by nonuniform distribution of the collapsing layer. Thin PDMS bilayers with embedded stress roll up into microtubes of almost perfect cylindrical shape when released in a controlled manner from a substrate

Historical and modern aspects of surgical treatment of Ebstein’s anomaly

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are recognized as the most common type of congenital pathology. The frequency of CHDs reaches 2.4–14.2 % per 1 000 newborns. Ebstein’s anomaly is a rare and complex pathology that can be manifested clinically at any age. Drug treatment is ineffective in patients with this pathology. Preference in this case should be given to surgical treatment. Cardiac surgeons must know basic methods of correction of this pathology, their advantages, and disadvantages. The literature review shows the evolution of Ebstein’s anomaly surgical correction techniques from the middle of the XX century to the present moment. The description of the main tricuspid valve repair techniques, which had an impact on the development of Ebstein’s anomaly surgery, is given. The volume of flap tissue that can be separated from the wall of the right ventricle is the key to successful valve repair. A case of tricuspid valve repair and replacement is given. “Cone” reconstruction is the most promising modern technique. There is also a need in new techniques and modification of the existing ones. The works aimed at their improvement and elimination of imperfections are promising

Electronically integrated microcatheters based on self-assembling polymer films.

Existing electronically integrated catheters rely on the manual assembly of separate components to integrate sensing and actuation capabilities. This strongly impedes their miniaturization and further integration. Here, we report an electronically integrated self-assembled microcatheter. Electronic components for sensing and actuation are embedded into the catheter wall through the self-assembly of photolithographically processed polymer thin films. With a diameter of only about 0.1 mm, the catheter integrates actuated digits for manipulation and a magnetic sensor for navigation and is capable of targeted delivery of liquids. Fundamental functionalities are demonstrated and evaluated with artificial model environments and ex vivo tissue. Using the integrated magnetic sensor, we develop a strategy for the magnetic tracking of medical tools that facilitates basic navigation with a high resolution below 0.1 mm. These highly flexible and microsized integrated catheters might expand the boundary of minimally invasive surgery and lead to new biomedical applications