Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk: The Hercules Thick Disk Cloud

The stellar asymmetry of faint thick disk/inner halo stars in the first quadrant first reported by Larsen & Humphreys (1996) and investigated further by Parker et al. (2003, 2004) has been recently confirmed by SDSS (Juric et al. 2008). Their interpretation of the excess in the star counts as a ringlike structure, however, is not supported by critical complimentary data in the fourth quadrant not covered by SDSS. We present stellar density maps from the Minnesota Automated Plate Scanner (MAPS) Catalog of the POSS I showing that the overdensity does not extend into the fourth quadrant. The overdensity is most probably not a ring. It could be due to interaction with the disk bar, evidence for a triaxial thick disk, or a merger remnant/stream. We call this feature the Hercules Thick Disk Cloud.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures, to be published in Astrophysical Journal Letter

Aircraft electromagnetic compatibility

Illustrated are aircraft architecture, electromagnetic interference environments, electromagnetic compatibility protection techniques, program specifications, tasks, and verification and validation procedures. The environment of 400 Hz power, electrical transients, and radio frequency fields are portrayed and related to thresholds of avionics electronics. Five layers of protection for avionics are defined. Recognition is given to some present day electromagnetic compatibility weaknesses and issues which serve to reemphasize the importance of EMC verification of equipment and parts, and their ultimate EMC validation on the aircraft. Proven standards of grounding, bonding, shielding, wiring, and packaging are laid out to help provide a foundation for a comprehensive approach to successful future aircraft design and an understanding of cost effective EMC in an aircraft setting

Distributed tuplespace and location management - an integrated perspective using Bluetooth

Location based or "context aware" computing is becoming increasingly recognized as a vital part of a mobile computing environment. As a consequence, the need for location-management middleware is widely recognized and actively researched. Location management is frequently offered to the application through an API where the location is given in the form of coordinates. It is the opinion of the authors that a localization API should offer localized data (e.g. direction to the nearest pharmacy) directly through a transparent and integrated API. Our proposed middleware for location and context management is built on top of Mobispace. Mobispace is a distributed tuplespace made for J2me units where replication between local replicas takes place with a central server (over GPRS) or with other mobile units (using Bluetooth). Since a Bluetooth connection indicates physical proximity to another node, a set of stationary nodes may distribute locality information over Bluetooth connections, and this information may be retrieved through the ordinary tuplespace AP

Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk: II Distance, Size and Mass of the Hercules Thick Disk Cloud

The Hercules Thick Disk Cloud (Larsen et al. 2008) was initially discovered as an excess in the number of faint blue stars between quadrants 1 and 4 of the Galaxy. The origin of the Cloud could be an interaction with the disk bar, a triaxial thick disk or a merger remnant or stream. To better map the spatial extent of the Cloud along the line of sight, we have obtained multi-color UBVR photometry for 1.2 million stars in 63 fields approximately 1 square degree each. Our analysis of the fields beyond the apparent boundaries of the excess have already ruled out a triaxial thick disk as a likely explanation (Larsen, Humphreys and Cabanela 2010) In this paper we present our results for the star counts over all of our fields, determine the spatial extent of the over density across and along the line of sight, and estimate the size and mass of the Cloud. Using photometric parallaxes, the stars responsible for the excess are between 1 and 6 kiloparsecs from the Sun, 0.5 -- 4 kpc above the Galactic plane, and extends approximately 3-4 kiloparsecs across our line of sight. It is thus a major substructure in the Galaxy. The distribution of the excess along our sight lines corresponds with the density contours of the bar in the Disk, and its most distant stars are directly over the bar. We also see through the Cloud to its far side. Over the entire 500 square degrees of sky containing the Cloud, we estimate more than 5.6 million stars and 1.9 million solar masses of material. If the over density is associated with the bar, it would exceed 1.4 billion stars and more than than 50 million solar masses. Finally, we argue that the Hercules-Aquila Cloud (Belokurov et al. 2007) is actually the Hercules Thick Disk Cloud.Comment: 52 pages, 13 figure

Mapping the Asymmetric Thick Disk I. A Search for Triaxiality

A significant asymmetry in the distribution of faint blue stars in the inner Galaxy, Quadrant 1 (l = 20 to 45 degrees) compared to Quadrant 4 was first reported by Larsen & Humphreys (1996). Parker et al (2003, 2004) greatly expanded the survey to determine its spatial extent and shape and the kinematics of the affected stars. This excess in the star counts was subsequently confirmed by Juric et al. (2008) using SDSS data. Possible explanations for the asymmetry include a merger remnant, a triaxial Thick Disk, and a possible interaction with the bar in the Disk. In this paper we describe our program of wide field photometry to map the asymmetry to fainter magnitudes and therefore larger distances. To search for the signature of triaxiality, we extended our survey to higher Galactic longitudes. We find no evidence for an excess of faint blue stars at l > 55 degrees including the faintest magnitude interval. The asymmetry and star count excess in Quadrant 1 is thus not due to a triaxial Thick Disk.Comment: 36 pages, 8 figures. Accepted by Astronomical Journa

Non-linear optomechanical measurement of mechanical motion

Precision measurement of non-linear observables is an important goal in all facets of quantum optics. This allows measurement-based non-classical state preparation, which has been applied to great success in various physical systems, and provides a route for quantum information processing with otherwise linear interactions. In cavity optomechanics much progress has been made using linear interactions and measurement, but observation of non-linear mechanical degrees-of-freedom remains outstanding. Here we report the observation of displacement-squared thermal motion of a micro-mechanical resonator by exploiting the intrinsic non-linearity of the radiation pressure interaction. Using this measurement we generate bimodal mechanical states of motion with separations and feature sizes well below 100~pm. Future improvements to this approach will allow the preparation of quantum superposition states, which can be used to experimentally explore collapse models of the wavefunction and the potential for mechanical-resonator-based quantum information and metrology applications.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, extensive supplementary material available with published versio