Menopausia, el inicio del envejecimiento de las mujeres chilenas. Un estudio cualitativo

Indexación: Scopus.Objective. To develop the meaning of menopause of a group of post-menopausal women and their relationship with aging. Methods. Qualitative descriptive study on 15 Chilean women that completed a taped face-to-face in depth interview that were interpreted according to Krippendorff. Results. A qualitative content analysis revealed the presence of two themes: (a) Cessation of women's reproductive stage and (b) a life transition to aging. Conclusion. Women perceived their menopause as the beginning of aging focusing on the end of fertility and the social connotation that this new role implies. Feeling old 10 years before the customary beginning of old age is an important starting point to be incorporated in women's health education.http://ref.scielo.org/x7bfh

El significado de la menopausia para un grupo de mujeres chilenas atendidas en el sistema público de salud

Indexación: Scopus.Background: Menopause connects a biological event with social representations related to aging. Aim: To assess the meaning of menopause in a group of Chilean women attending primary health care. Material and Methods: Secondary analysis of a descriptive qualitative study of in-depth interviews to explore the meaning of menopause in fifteen women aged 55 to 71 years who experienced menopause between 2 and 29 years before. Data were collected using the method proposed by the Grounded Theory. Guba's criteria of scientific rigor were used. Results: Relational analysis shows that menopause divides the life cycle of women into two stages related with the possibility of having children, which is heavily influenced by the cultural significance of menopause. Conclusions: Women perceive that menopause is a natural stage and that it is the end of a period focused on tasks related to reproduction and motherhood. However, that "normality" includes a suffering process, loaded with negative cultural beliefs about menopause passed down for generations.https://www-scielo-cl.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0034-98872022000100062&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=e

Uso de pacientes estandarizados para la adquisición de conocimientos teórico-clínicos en estudiantes de pregrado

ResumenLa práctica docente obliga a innovar con metodologías que faciliten el aprendizaje y resguarden los principios éticos que fundamentan el quehacer profesional, como es el caso del uso de los pacientes estandarizados (PE).ObjetivoEvaluar el efecto en los conocimientos sobre esquizofrenia y trastornos del ánimo de una intervención que combina clases teóricas estandarizadas y uso de PE en estudiantes universitarios de pregrado de la asignatura de enfermería psiquiátrica.MétodoDiseño cuantitativo descriptivo sobre un universo de 157 estudiantes de enfermería de quinto y sexto semestre de formación. La recolección de los datos se realizó a través de un instrumento de medición de conocimientos sometido a pruebas de validación de contenido. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizó el programa SPSS®.ResultadosAl medir el efecto de la intervención en la adquisición de conocimientos, se observa que la metodología de clase estandarizada incrementa en promedio un 34% los conocimientos de los estudiantes y el uso de PE contribuye con sobre un 10% adicional. Al combinar ambas estrategias, los conocimientos de los estudiantes se incrementan en 49.3% y 41.9% para esquizofrenia y trastornos del ánimo respectivamente, sin que el estudiante participe de otra instancia de estudio o profundización de los contenidos.ConclusiónEl uso de estrategias metodológicas combinadas contribuye a la adquisición de los conocimientos necesarios para la formación de estudiantes de pregrado de enfermería psiquiátrica.AbstractTeaching needs to innovate with methodologies which foster learning while, at the same time, maintain the ethical principles which give base to the professional activities. Such is the case of the use of standardized patients (SP).ObjectiveTo assess the effects of an intervention which combines standardized theoretical classes with the use of SP, on the knowledge which undergraduate students, undergoing their psychiatric nursing subject, have on schizophrenia and mood disorders.MethodThis was a qualitative and descriptive study on a universe of 157 nursing students from the fifth and sixth semesters of their program. Data collection was conducted through a knowledge assessment instrument which was submitted to content validity tests. The SPSS® program was used to analyze these data.ResultsFrom the intervention, it was observed that the methodology of standardized class increments in an average of 34% the students’ knowledge, while the use of SP contributes with an additional 10%. When combining both methodologies, and without any other content-deepening technique, the students’ knowledge on schizophrenia increased 49.4% while their knowledge on mood disorders increased 41.9%.ConclusionThe use of combined methodological strategies contributes to the acquisition of formation-needed knowledge by undergraduate psychiatric nursing students

Developing a Self-Instruction Tool for Respectful Care in Healthcare: Design and Validation ProcessConstrucción y validación de una herramienta de auto instrucción para el Buen Trato en el encuentro clínico

© 2023 Sociedad Medica de Santiago. All rights reserved.Introduction: Respectful care is a relationship between professionals and patients based on deep respect and assessment of the person's dignity. Aim: Describe the design and validation process of the auto-instruction tool for Respectful Care in healthcare. Method: A mixed methods study based on the content analysis proposed by Kyngäs was conducted with a sample of clinical teachers and undergraduate students, a systematic review of scientific literature, and the consensus and opinion of national experts in health education. The data were obtained through focus groups and surveys. Results: A Respectful Care self-instruction tool was built by three instruments: a) assessment guideline; b) a List of actions related to the dimensions of respectful care and health care, and c) a Model for elaborating a personal improvement and monitoring plan. Conclusions: The results of this study show that Respectful care requires professionals responsible for their work who have achieved competencies to provide respectful health care. In that sense, HBT can be understood as a proposal for continuous improvement in the clinical training of students and health professionals.Fondo de Financiamiento de Centros de Investigacin en reas Prioritaria

Enfermería para el auto cuidado en personas con problemas del sueño

The objective of this research is to know the perception of effectiveness of the Self Care Nursing Program in adults with sleep disorders treated in the Medical Sleep Center of the Catholic University of Chile (CEMS) between 1999 and 2000, in Santiago de Chile. It is a descriptive, exploratory, retrospective study, with a sample of 25 adults, constituted in a 72 % by women, 52% of people has between 20 and 39 years, 78% classify in a high and medium- high socio-economic level, the 100% have complete high school education, and the most frequently sleep problem is the conciliation insomnia. More of 80% consumes sleeping pills, 85 % of them refers to have diminished the doses during and after attending the Self-Care Nursing Program. 84% of the interviewed people at the moment uses some of the learned techniques: 36% sleep hygiene, 12% relaxation and imaginary and 36% both. 80% perceived as benefits of the nursing Program the improvement in the quality of the sleep and a sensation of serenity and tranquillity in their daily live, by that is better quality of life.El objetivo de la presente investigación es conocer la percepción de la eficacia del Programa de Enfermería para el Autocuidado de adultos con problemas del sueño atendidos en el Centro de Estudios Médicos del Sueño de la Universidad Católica de Chile (CEMS), entre los años 1999 y 2000, en Santiago de Chile. Es un estudio descriptivo, exploratorio, retrospectivo, en una muestra de 25 adultos, constituida en un 72% por mujeres. 52% de los entrevistados tiene entre 20 y 39 años, el 78% se clasifica en un nivel socio económico alto y medio-alto, el 100% tiene enseñanza secundaria completa y el problema de sueño más frecuente es el insomnio de conciliación. Más del 80% consume medicamentos para dormir, de ellos el 85% refiere haber disminuido las dosis durante y después de haber asistido al Programa de Enfermería para el Autocuidado. El 84% de los entrevistados usa actualmente alguna de las técnicas aprendidas: 36% higiene del sueño, 12% relajación e imaginería y otro 36%, ambas. El 80% percibió como beneficios del Programa la mejoría en la calidad del sueño y una sensación de mayor serenidad y tranquilidad en su diario vivir, por lo mismo una mejor calidad de vida