Detection of Escherichia Coli Bacteria in Water Using Deep Learning: A Faster R-CNN Approach

Considering its importance for vital activities, water and particularly drinking water should be clean and should not contain disease-causing bacteria. One of the pathogenic bacteria found in water is the bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli). In the commonly used method for the detection of E. coli bacteria, the bacteria samples distilled from the water sample are seeded in endo agar medium and the change in the color of the medium as a result of the metabolic activities of the bacteria is examined with the naked eye. This color change can be seen with the human eye in approximately 22 ± 2 hours. In this study, a new bacteria detection scheme is proposed – using deep learning to detect E. coli bacteria both in shorter time and in practical way. The proposed technique is tested with experimentally collected data. Results show that the detection of bacteria can be done automatically within 6-10 hours with the proposed method

Conduction in ulnar nerve bundles that innervate the proximal and distal muscles: a clinical trial

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>This study aims to investigate and compare the conduction parameters of nerve bundles in the ulnar nerve that innervates the forearm muscles and hand muscles; routine electromyography study merely evaluates the nerve segment of distal (hand) muscles.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>An electrophysiological evaluation, consisting of velocities, amplitudes, and durations of ulnar nerve bundles to 2 forearm muscles and the hypothenar muscles was performed on the same humeral segment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>The velocities and durations of the compound muscle action potential (CMAP) of the ulnar nerve bundle to the proximal muscles were greater than to distal muscles, but the amplitudes were smaller.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Bundles in the ulnar nerve of proximal muscles have larger neuronal bodies and thicker nerve fibers than those in the same nerve in distal muscles, and their conduction velocities are higher. The CMAPs of proximal muscles also have smaller amplitudes and greater durations. These findings can be attributed to the desynchronization that is caused by a wider range of distribution in nerve fiber diameters.</p> <p>Conduction parameters of nerve fibers with different diameters in the same peripheral nerve can be estimated.</p

Experiencia de trabajo de enfermeras inmigrantes y de minorías étnicas en los servicios de salud europeos: Un estudio cualitativo

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the perception of culture and experience of working in European health services of a purposive sample of qualified migrant and ethnic minority nurses currently living in Belgium, Portugal, Spain and Turkey. METHOD: A qualitative phenomenological method was chosen. Individual interviews took place with 8 qualified migrant and ethnic minority nurses currently living in four European countries. Thematic analysis was conducted using Braun and Clark's stages after qualitative data had been verbatim transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed. RESULTS: Four themes and 4 subthemes emerged from thematic analysis of the transcripts. CONCLUSION: Migrant and ethnic minority nurses working in the European Union experience and witness discrimination and prejudice from patients and colleagues due to cultural differences. European health services should closely monitor and address discrimination and prejudice towards migrant and ethnic minority staff and patients, and take initiatives to reduce and, eventually, eradicate them.Objetivo: Analisar a percepção da cultura e experiência de trabalho em serviços de saúde europeus de uma amostra intencional de enfermeiros qualificados migrantes e de minorias étnicas que moram atualmente na Bélgica, Portugal, Espanha e Turquia. Método: Optou-se pelo método fenomenológico qualitativo. Realizaram-se entrevistas individuais com 8 enfermeiros qualificados migrantes e de minorias étnicas que moram atualmente em quatro países europeus. A análise temática foi realizada por meio das etapas de Braun e Clark após os dados qualitativos terem sido transcritos na íntegra, traduzidos para o inglês e analisados. Resultados: Quatro temas e 4 subtemas emergiram da análise temática das transcrições. Conclusão: Enfermeiros migrantes e de minorias étnicas que trabalham na União Europeia vivenciam e testemunham discriminação e preconceito de pacientes e colegas devido a diferenças culturais. Os serviços de saúde europeus devem acompanhar de perto e combater a discriminação e o preconceito contra os trabalhadores e pacientes migrantes e de minorias étnicas, e tomar iniciativas para os reduzir e, em seguida, erradicá-los

Broca aphasia with preserved repetition

Giriş: Lisanı oluşturan konuşma, anlama, okuma, yazma, tekrarlama veya isimlendirme modalitelerinde, edinsel bir beyin lezyonu sonucu oluşan klinik bozukluklara “afazi” adı verilir. Bu modalitelerin farklı düzey ve kombinasyonlardaki etkilenmeleri ise afazinin tipini belirler. Transkortikal motor afazi (TMA) olgularında kural olarak tekrarlama korunması tanı için esas olmakla birlikte Broca afazisinde de transkortikal motor afaziyle uyumlu bulgular saptanabilir. Amaç: Bu olgu sunumunda sol OSA üst divizyon enfarktına ikincil olarak ortaya çıkan ve 1 aylık pirasetam ve donepezil tedavisi ile anlamlı düzelme gözlenen bir motor afazi olgusunu tartışmak amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntemler: Rutin nörolojik muayene ve biyokimyasal incelemeleri takiben konvansiyonel MRG, difüzyon ağırlıklı MRG ve bilateral karotis-vertebral arter doppler ultrasonografi tetkikleri yapıldı. Bulgular: Nörolojik muayenesinde anlama ve tekrarlamanın korunduğu tutuk afazi saptanan hastanın yapılan MRG tetkikinde sol orta serebral arter (OSA) üst divizyon sulama alanında frontoparyetal enfarkt görüldü. Lezyonun yeri Broca afazisi ile uyumlu olan hastaya 5 mg/gün donepezil ve 2400 mg/gün pirasetam tedavisi başlandı. Bir aylık tedavi sonrası hastanın afazisinin, isimlendirme ve okuma-yazma bozukluğunun tedavi öncesi döneme oranla belirgin derecede düzeldiği görüldü. Sonuç: Olgumuzda 1 aylık pirasetam ve donepezil tedavisi sonrası afazide belirgin düzelme olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu düzelmenin spontan iyileşme sürecinin bir parçası mı olduğu veya tedavinin etkisi ile mi ortaya çıktığını izah etmek güç olmakla birlikte; olgumuz, tekrarlamanın korunduğu Broca afazinin nadir olması ve donepezil ve pirasetam ile belirgin düzelme göstermesi nedeniyle ilginç bulunarak literatür ışığında tartışıldı.Introduction: Clinical disorders due to the deterioration of speech, comprehension, reading, writing, repetition or naming modalities that form language as a result of acquired brain lesion are called &#8220;aphasia&#8221;. Aphasia type can be determined by the involvement of these modalities in different levels and combination. While preserved repetition is the main feature of transcortical motor aphasia (TMA) diagnosis, Broca aphasia may also present with a clinic similar to transcortical motor aphasia. Objective: The aim of this case report is to discuss the transcortical motor aphasia case secondary to middle cerebral artery (MCA) superior division infarction which showed significant recovery with 1 months of donepezil and piracetam treatment. Material and methods: Routine neurological examination, biochemical investigations, conventional MRI and bilaterally carotid-vertebral artery doppler ultrasonography were performed. Results: Frontoparietal infarction was observed in the superior division of the left middle cerebral artery (MCA) of the patient who was accepted as nonfluent aphasia with preserved comprehension. The site of the lesion was compatible with Broca aphasia and the patient was treated with 5 mg/day donepezil and 2400 mg/day piracetam. After 1 month of therapy, a significant improvement was observed in the aphasia, naming and reading-writing modalities when compared with the initial findings before treatment. Conclusions: Although it can be difficult to explain that whether the recovery after 1 month of donepezil and piracetam treatment is a part of spontaneous recovery process or due to treatment; our case is discussed because of rare existence of Broca aphasia with preserved repetition and the significant improvement with donepezil and piracetam treatment

Depression and the risk of stroke

12th Congress of the European-Federation-of-Neurological-Societies -- AUG 23-26, 2008 -- Madrid, SPAINKocer, Abdulkadir/0000-0003-2866-555XWOS: 000258379000857…European Federat Neurol So

Transient splenial hyperintensity (mini-boomerang sign) in temporal arteritis

5th Congress of the European-Academy-of-Neurology (EAN) -- JUN 29-JUL 02, 2019 -- Oslo, NORWAYWOS: 000474481002125

Benign-onset acute disseminated encephalomyelitis: A report on two cases

The signs and symptoms of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis are heterogeneous and dependent on the location and severity of the inflammatory process. The meningoencephalitic presentation may include meningism, impaired consciousness (occasionally leading to coma), seizures and confusion, or behavioral disturbances. Multifocal neurological features include a combination of optic neuritis, visual field defects, cranial neuropathy, sensorimotor impairment, ataxia, aphasia, and involuntary movements. One definition of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis is "an initial clinical event with a presumed inflammatory and demyelinating cause, with acute or sub-acute onset affecting multifocal areas of the central nervous system". Patients with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis frequently suffer from seizures, disturbances of consciousness, fever, and headaches, and occasionally there are focal signs and symptoms. Here, we report on two cases who presented with different symptoms, but the clinical findings that the patients showed were benign