Accumulative types of coasts of the North-Western coast of the Azov Sea

The length of the Azov Sea coast, excluding the lake Sivash and Molochnyi Estuary is 799,8 km, of which 471,9 km (59,1%) recedes with an average rate of 0,2- 4,8 m / year. At 155,2 km (19.4%) of the shoreline is characterized by the development of accumulative forms. In other parts of the coast (172,7 km - 21,5%) the modern accumulation of sediment dominates which is stable or dynamically stable. The general pattern of structure and formation of the coast of the Azov sea is caused not only by the diversity of tectonic structures of adjacent land, but also by the physical-geographical conditions of the basin - the position of the sea level, its dynamics, which are more largely dependent on climatic change than on neotectonics. Sand bars and spits are developed on the North-West coast of the Azov Sea from the mouth of the Berda river to the shallow lake Sivash (Krivaya, Belosarayskaya, Berdyanskaya, Obitochnaya bars, Milk Estuary spit, Fedotova, Arabatskaya Strelka), stretch from North-East to South-West. The structure of the indigenous coast of the bars is presented by sandy-clayey rocks of Pliocene and Quaternary age. Depending on the distribution and intensity of one or another process, on the coast of the Azov Sea there are the following types of banks [18]: abrasion-landslide, abrasion-landslip, ancient-abrasion, accumulation-abrasion, original-accretion, accretion aligned, delta, dynamic "neutral with wind drying", anthropogenic. The article presents the results of personal geological survey of accumulative types of coasts of North-Western coast of the Azov Sea, created by the interaction of the processes of abrasion and accumulation: from the border of the Kherson region (Fedotov bar) to Berdyansk bar inclusive - 5 sites in all

Pharmacoeconomic justification of the choice of specific therapy schemes for the treatment of adult patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and debilitating disease that causes the blood vessels in the lungs to thicken and narrow, forcing the heart to pump blood through the lungs at high pressure. In recent years, a significant number of therapies have become available for the treatment of PAH. Pharmacoeconomic justification of the choice of specific pharmacotherapy requires weighing the effectiveness and cost of treatment of this disease and is extremely relevant. Given the limited budget for health care, the choice of drugs (drugs) should be based not only on the comparative clinical effectiveness of treatment, but also on the comparative cost-effectiveness, which ensures the maximum effectiveness of providing pharmaceutical care to patients with PAH. PAH is a life-threatening orphan disease with a poor prognosis, and in many cases a combination of specific drugs may be required regardless of their cost. Like patient survival, quality of life is the main factor in the pharmacoeconomic justification of the choice of specific drugs for the treatment of PAH. The objective of the paper – pharmacoeconomic research of specific therapy for the treatment of PAH and determination of «cost–utility», «quality of life», «QALY» indicators in various approaches to pharmacotherapy of PAH. The object of the study was the results of the analysis of pharmacotherapy schemes of patients with PAH in accordance with a certain functional class. Analytical, documentary, informational, graphic and mathematical research methods were used during the research. Our pharmacoeconomic analysis of the pharmacotherapy of patients with PAH who were in a certain functional class (FC) showed that for patients with FC II and FC III PAH, endothelin receptor antagonists (APE) or the combination of APE with prostaglandins was the least expensive treatment strategy and gave the largest average QALYs. At the same time, the obtained research results are the basis for the development of differential financing of PAH therapy for patients with different FCs. It should be noted that the study conducted by us is the first in Ukraine and can be the basis for further studies, strengthened by additional information and direct measurement of the impact of specific treatment on the quality of life of patients with the help of specially developed Ukrainian questionnaires, which can be used to estimate the increase in the QALY indicator during treatment, which will give a better idea about the effectiveness of these treatment methods

ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ТЕРМОДИНАМИЧЕСКИХ ВЕЛИЧИН БИНАРНЫХ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ С НИЗКОЙ РАСТВОРИМОСТЬЮ КОМПОНЕНТОВ В ТВЕРДОЙ α-ФАЗЕ

Предложен метод определения термодинамических величин: парциальной энтальпии растворения , коэффициентов активности  и активностей  второго компонента В в двойных металлических системах с низкой растворимостью в твердой α-фазе. Алгоритм определения выше указанных величин заключается в последовательности предварительных расчетов предельных и равновесных коэффициентов распределения и построения линий насыщенного твердого раствора для таких систем с низкой растворимостью второго компонента. Предварительно полученные данные являются необходимыми для определения парциальной энтальпии растворения  и других величин в исследуемых системах. Такая последовательность расчетов является предлагаемым методом определения термодинамических параметров растворения.  Определены значения и температурные зависимости энтальпии растворения малорастворимого компонента для таких систем как Cd-Na, Cd-Tl, Te-Ga, Te-As, Te-Cu, Zn-Sn, а также коэффициенты активности  и активности  второго компонента в насыщенной α-фазе в этих системах. Анализ полученных результатов по энтальпии растворения показывает, что наблюдается изменение парциальной энтальпии с изменением температуры растворения. При снижении температуры от точки плавления чистого основного компонента до температуры эвтектики наблюдается увеличение парциальных энтальпий растворения второго компонента для исследованных систем.  Система Te-Ga характеризуется отрицательным значением . Отрицательное значение  указывает на экзотермический процесс растворения галлия в теллуре, в отличие от других систем, в которых растворение второго компонента происходит с поглощением тепла. Анализируя значения энтальпии растворения в исследуемых системах, необходимо отметить, что низким значением   15000 Дж/моль. Системы со значением   > 15000 Дж/моль выявляют тенденцию к возникновению в них ретроградной растворимости. Выявлено различие в значениях  более, чем на два порядка для различных систем

Scientific substantiation of the concept of pharmacoeconomic analysis of technologies for early diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a rare, progressive disorder characterized by high blood pressure (hypertension) in the arteries of the lungs (pulmonary artery) for no apparent reason. Because symptoms are nonspecific and physical signs may be subtle, the disease is often diagnosed at late stages. Over the past few decades, significant progress has been made in the field of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Technological progress allows to diagnose the disease in the early stages, as well as to better assess the severity of the disease. Today, screening studies are becoming increasingly important to establish a clinical diagnosis and minimize lost opportunities without timely diagnosis, especially in patients with idiopathic PAH. Therefore, the issue of early diagnosis of patients with suspected PAH and confirmation of the diagnosis is a very important and urgent issue today. The objective of the paper: to study the methods of implementation of technologies for early diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of pulmonary arterial hypertension and conceptual presentation of the results of their implementation. The work used available scientific sources of information on the results of the implementation of diagnostic screening for early detection of PAH and pharmacotherapy in the world. The analysis of input data was carried out using systematic, documentary, informational and graphical research methods. The result of the analysis of information materials showed that over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in the treatment of PAH and more than doubled the survival rate of patients. It has been found that diagnostic screening is a relatively unique medical technology in relation to other medical interventions and can be defined as the systematic use of diagnostic technologies in individuals at risk to detect the disease before the onset of symptoms. The study proposes a systematic concept of economic evaluation of the diagnostic screening program for PAH to determine its optimal design. At the same time, this concept embodies the complex effect of the introduction of technologies for early diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of PAH, which is expressed in the positive dynamics of clinical indicators, reduced mortality and improved quality of life. It should be noted that a number of new tools and approaches for diagnostic screening give hope that advances in the diagnosis of PAH will also affect the effectiveness of medical care

Clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized to the Ukrainian expert-consultative center of pulmonary hypertension for adults

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a group of rare, malignant diseases that, without optimal treatment, quickly lead to death (the average survival of patients in the absence of specific therapy is 2.8 years from diagnosis). This nosology is most often diagnosed at an earlier age and mainly in female patients. The global trend indicates a predominance of PAH in women over men in 2–4 times greater. The objective of the paper to study the condition of inpatients to determine the strategy of medical care and identify ways to improve the pharmaceutical supply of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension. The object of the study were the results of a retrospective analysis of medical records of inpatients 93 patients hospitalized at the Ukrainian Expert-Consultative Center for Pulmonary Hypertension for Adults, established on the basis of NSC «Strazhesko Institute of Cardiology of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine». Analytical, documentary, informational, graphic and retrospective research methods were used during the research. According to the results of a retrospective analysis of 93 medical records of inpatients who were registered and treated at the Ukrainian Expert Advisory Center for Adults for the period from 2018 to 2021, it was found that almost all patients with PAH have heart problems and other concomitant pathological conditions. The period of inpatient treatment consisted of maintenance therapy with diuretics (spironolactone, furosemide, triphas, torside, torasemide), anticoagulants (warfarin), cardiac glycosides (digoxin) and iron supplements (maltoferfol) and specific therapies using calcium channel blockers (amlodipine), prostacyclin analogues (ventavis), endothelin receptor antagonists (bosentan) and phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (sildenafil, no-lag). Patients with PAH were hospitalized for 2 days to 31 days, the average number of bed-days was 8.75 days per 1 patient. Thus, the results of the study of the clinical characteristics of patients hospitalized at the Ukrainian Expert Advisory Center of Pulmonary Hypertension for Adults, indicate the need to determine the technology of specific therapy of PAH with pharmacoeconomic analysis

Natural and technogenic landscapes of the north west prazaz

UK: Территория Северо-Западного Приазовья находится в пределахландшафтов: 1) расчлененных склонов Приазовской возвышенности с типчаково-ковыльной степью на южных малогумусовых смытых черноземах, с оврагами и балками, врезанными в кристаллические породы; 2) пластово-аккумулятивных Приазовской и Причерноморской низменностей с типчаково-ковыльной растительностью на южных малогумусных черноземах, светло-каштановых почвах в сочетании с солонцеватыми почвами, солонцами и луговыми солонцами. EN: The genus of the landscape determines the dynamics of mi gration of hazardous pollution components due to planar and linear flushing and filtration. In the territory of the North-Western Azov Sea within the limits of the classes the following landscape genera are distinguished: 1) elevated erosion-denudation plain with allocation of placers and slopes; 2) a slightly overexposed accumulative-denudation plain with the allocation of placers and slopes; 3) accumulative and denudation accumulative alluvial plain: floodplain terraces and aquatic plains

Natural and technogenic landscapes of the north west prazaz

UK: Территория Северо-Западного Приазовья находится в пределахландшафтов: 1) расчлененных склонов Приазовской возвышенности с типчаково-ковыльной степью на южных малогумусовых смытых черноземах, с оврагами и балками, врезанными в кристаллические породы; 2) пластово-аккумулятивных Приазовской и Причерноморской низменностей с типчаково-ковыльной растительностью на южных малогумусных черноземах, светло-каштановых почвах в сочетании с солонцеватыми почвами, солонцами и луговыми солонцами. EN: The genus of the landscape determines the dynamics of mi gration of hazardous pollution components due to planar and linear flushing and filtration. In the territory of the North-Western Azov Sea within the limits of the classes the following landscape genera are distinguished: 1) elevated erosion-denudation plain with allocation of placers and slopes; 2) a slightly overexposed accumulative-denudation plain with the allocation of placers and slopes; 3) accumulative and denudation accumulative alluvial plain: floodplain terraces and aquatic plains

Scientific and research activity of students-geographes under pedagogical practice

UA: У педагогічних вищих навчальних закладах України склався певний досвід дослідницької організації науково-методичної роботи студентів у період педагогічної практики. Курсом, який виходить на педагогічну практику, пропонується певна наукова проблема для розробки її в період педагогічної практики. Проблеми і теми (число тем відповідає кількості шкіл, у яких буде проходити практика) висуваються, як правило, провідним методистом факультету заздалегідь затверджуються кафедрою. Між школами наукові теми розподіляються на установчій конференції з педпрактики. Від групових керівників студенти отримують індивідуальні завдання та інструкції щодо виконання науково -методичної роботи: знайомляться зі змістом теми, з метою дослідження, з результатами, які повинні бути отримані в результаті роботи над темою, з основними методами педагогічного дослідження (вивчення науково-методичної літератури, спостереження, дослідне навчання, узагальнення досвіду). EN: In the pedagogical higher educational establishments of Ukraine there has developed a certain experience of the research organization of scientific and methodical work of students in the period of pedagogical practice. The course, which goes to pedagogical practice, proposes a certain scientific problem for its development during the period of pedagogical practice. From group leaders, students receive individual tasks and instructions for the implementation of scientific and methodological work: get acquainted with the content of the topic, for the purpose of research, with the results that should be obtained as a result of work on the topic, with the basic methods of pedagogical research (study of scientific and methodological literature, observation, experimental learning, generalization of experience)

Organization of pharmaceutical provision of patients with pulmonary hypertension on the example of Kyiv

In Ukraine, pharmaceutical provision of patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH) as a rare (orphan) disease is one of the important components of the State policy. Despite the permanent reform of the medical and pharmaceutical sector, a significant number of problems in the formation of a balanced system for providing the necessary medicinal products (MP) to orphan patients have not yet been resolved. The purpose of the study is to study the process of pharmaceutical provision of patients with PH, using the example of Kyiv. Information on MP purchases for patients in Kyiv, included in the Unified Clinical Protocol for Emergency, Primary, Secondary (Specialized) Medical Care Pulmonary Hypertension in Adults for the State and local budgets for 2018–2021, has been chosen as the object of the study. We have used system-review, documentary, and marketing research methods. The result of the analysis of the annual need for 2018–2021 in INN, necessary for the pharmaceutical provision of Kyiv patients with PH, has shown that the annual decrease in funding compared to 2018, namely: in 2019– by 17.54%, in 2020– by 32.52%, in 2021 – by 50.08%, due to a decrease in the cost of INN Sildenafil (Sildenafilum) by an average of 89.21% annually, compared with the cost in 2018. At the same time, the state of providing MP for patients with PH in Kyiv for the period 2018–2021 indicates that the total need for them was met at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine and the budget of Kyiv for the implementation of the City Target Program «Health of Kievans» in 2018 – by 81.46%, and in 2019 – by 91.67% of the need. The supply of MP ordered for 2020 for the treatment of PH at the expense of the State Budget took place only at the end of 2021. Only Iloprost (Iloprostum) of the six supplies of INN ordered was completed, which accounted for 82.27% of the declared need. In 2021, only Sildenafil (Sildenafilum) was purchased at the expense of the State Budget of Ukraine, which is 8% of the need to provide treatment for patients with PH in the city of Kyiv. The City Target Program «Health of Kievans» for 2021 does not provide for expenses in the «Pulmonary Hypertension» direction. Thus, the results of a study of the organization of pharmaceutical support for Kyiv residents with PH indicate that there are no financial guarantees for the provision of free medical care to patients with rare (orphan) diseases