Detecção de distúrbios vocais através de parâmetros cepstrais multibanda de vogal sustentada

Este trabalho tem como objetivo detectar distúrbios vocais relacionados com nódulo vocal, edema de Reinke e patologias neurológicas através de parâmetros cepstrais multibandada vogal sustentada /a/. A detecção é realizada entre pares de grupos de estudo e a análise multibanda é efetuada usando a transformada Wavelet. Para cada par de grupos, uma seleção de parâmetros é realizada. Estatísticas dos parâmetros selecionados são utilizadas como entrada para quatro classificadores com validação cruza da leave-one-out. Acurácias de classificação iguais ou superiores a 96,70% são obtidas para 6 pares de grupos de estudo enquanto apenas 74,20% é alcançado para o par Edema/Nódulo.This work aims to detect vocal disorders related to vocal nodule, Reinke’s edema and neurological pathologies through multiband cepstral measures of the sustained vowel/a/. Detection is performed between pairs of study groups and multiband analysis is accomplished using the Wavelet transform. For each pair of groups, a parameters selection is performed. Statistics of the selected parameters are used as input for four classifiers with leave-one-out cross validation. Classification accuracies equal or greater than 96.70% are obtained for 6pairs of study groups while only 74.20% is achieved for the Edema/Nodule pairinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Avaliação da capacidade discriminante de distribuições da proeminência do pico cepstral para identificar nódulos vocais

Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar as distribuições de CPP e CPPS para a vogal sustentada /a/ e suas estatísticas descritivas como discriminantes entre vozes saudáveis e vozes de pacientes diagnosticados com n´módulos vocais. Além de calcular essas medidas na escala decibel como normalmente realizado na literatura, este trabalho também as calculou na escala linear. Após avaliar 9 estatísticas da distribuição de 4 medidas de CPP e 4 medidas de CPPS para 35 voluntários, o 95-ésimo percentil do CPP, calculado a cada 2ms e na escala decibel, apresentou a maior capacidade discriminante, alcançando um valor-p de 3,58e-05, uma sensibilidade de 88,67%, especificidade de 85% e precisão de classificação igual a 85,71%.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Diferenciação entre edema de Reinke e nódulos vocais através de parâmetros não-lineares da voz

Este trabalho tem como objetivo diferenciar distúrbios vocais relacionados com nódulo vocal e edema de Reinke através de parâmetros não-lineares. Os parâmetros são obtidos da banda completa e, por meio da transformada wavelet, de sub-bandas de vogal sustentada. A wavelet que maximiza a capacidade discriminante individual dos parâmetros é buscada. Duas seleções dos parâmetros em sub-bandas são realizadas. Os parâmetros em banda completa e em sub-bandas, e os conjuntos selecionados são aplicados a vários classificadores com validação cruzada leave-one-out. Acurácias de classificação de até 86,2% são obtidas sem seleção de parâmetros enquanto acurácias até 100% são alcançadas com parâmetros selecionados.This work aims to detect vocal disorders related to vocal nodule and Reinke’s edema through non-linear features. The features are computed from the fullband and, by means of the wavelet transform, from sub-bands of sustained vowel. The wavelet that maximizes the individual discriminating capacity of the features is sought. Two sub-band parameter selections are performed. The fullband and sub-band parameters, and the selected sets are applied to several classifiers with leave-one-out cross-validation. Classification accuracies of up to 86.2% are obtained without parameter selection while accuracies of up to 100% are achieved with selected parameters.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Buffalo, Bush Meat, and the Zoonotic Threat of Brucellosis in Botswana

Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease of global importance infecting humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. Little is known about the epidemiology and persistence of brucellosis in wildlife in Southern Africa, particularly in Botswana.Archived wildlife samples from Botswana (1995-2000) were screened with the Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and fluorescence polarization assay (FPA) and included the African buffalo (247), bushbuck (1), eland (5), elephant (25), gemsbok (1), giraffe (9), hartebeest (12), impala (171), kudu (27), red lechwe (10), reedbuck (1), rhino (2), springbok (5), steenbok (2), warthog (24), waterbuck (1), wildebeest (33), honey badger (1), lion (43), and zebra (21). Human case data were extracted from government annual health reports (1974-2006).Only buffalo (6%, 95% CI 3.04%-8.96%) and giraffe (11%, 95% CI 0-38.43%) were confirmed seropositive on both tests. Seropositive buffalo were widely distributed across the buffalo range where cattle density was low. Human infections were reported in low numbers with most infections (46%) occurring in children (<14 years old) and no cases were reported among people working in the agricultural sector.Low seroprevalence of brucellosis in Botswana buffalo in a previous study in 1974 and again in this survey suggests an endemic status of the disease in this species. Buffalo, a preferred source of bush meat, is utilized both legally and illegally in Botswana. Household meat processing practices can provide widespread pathogen exposure risk to family members and the community, identifying an important source of zoonotic pathogen transmission potential. Although brucellosis may be controlled in livestock populations, public health officials need to be alert to the possibility of human infections arising from the use of bush meat. This study illustrates the need for a unified approach in infectious disease research that includes consideration of both domestic and wildlife sources of infection in determining public health risks from zoonotic disease invasions

Monitoreo serológico de anticuerpos (IgG e IgM) contra Babesia bigemina (Haemosporidia: Babesiidae) en becerros del trópico mexicano

Se estudió la dinámica de anticuerpos (IgG e IgM) contra Babesia bigemina en becerros explotados en condiciones del trópico mexicano. Se monitorearon 41 becerros menores de 15 días de edad de tres ranchos del estado de Yucatán, México ( R 1,R 2 y R3). Los becerros fueron muestreados cada 30 días durante un período de 8 meses, para la obtención de 369 sueros. Los sueros fueron evaluados mediante la técnica de inmunofluorescencia indirecta para la detección de anticuerpos de la clase IgG e IgM contra Babesia bigemina. La seroprevalencía general de 19 M en los primeros 8 meses de edad de los becerros fue de 17.1 %, no presentándose un comportamiento definido con relación a la edad. La seroprevalencia general de IgG fue de 66.8%, incrementándose con relación a la edad. La seroprevalencia para los animales del Rl, R2 Y R3 fue de 87.5%,77.1% y 31.8% respectivamente. El RI Y R2 se ubicaron en una situación de estabilidad enZoótica y R3 en inestabilidad enzoótica. Se concluye que en el estado de Yucatán, Mexico, la modificación de factores de manejo en los ranchos con inestabilidad enzoótica, podría favorecer la presentación de brotes clínicos de babesiosis. Se pone de manifiesto la importancia de controlar la movilización de animales de ranchos con inestabilidad enzoótica a ranchos con establidad enzoótica.Antibody dynamics (IgG and IgM) against Babesia bigemina was studied on 41 under 15 days of age from tbree ranches (Rl , R2 and R3) in Yucatan, Mexico. Blood samples were collected every 30 days, for eight months. Sera were tested by the indirect fluorescent antibody method to detect IgG and IgM. Overall IgM seroprevalence during the calves first eight months of life was 17.i % without relation to age. Overall IgG seroprevalence was 66.8%, increasing with age. Seroprevalence in RI , R2 and R3 were 87.5%, 77.1% and 31.8% respectively. Ranches 1 and 2 were in enzootic stability. In Yucatan, the modification of management factors in ranches with enzootic instability, could increase the risk of clinical babesiosis. Cattle mobilization from ranches with enzootic instability must be strictly controlled

Validation of the fluorescence polarization assay as a serological test for the presumptive diagnosis of porcine brucellosis

Sera from Canadian pigs (brucellosis free, n = 14037) and sera from pigs infected with Brucella suis (n = 401) were tested by the buffered antigen plate agglutination test, the complement fixation test, an indirect and a competitive enzyme immunoassay and a fluorescence polarization assay. The results were analysed and assay sensitivity and specificity estimates were calculated. The sensitivity and specificity of the tests were as follows: the buffered antigen plate agglutination test, 77.1 and 96.9%; the complement fixation test (considering anticomplementary sera as negative), 93.3 and 95.5%; the complement fixation test (considering anticomplementary sera as positive), 58.1 and 99.9%; the indirect enzyme immunoassay, 94.0 and 97.9%; the competitive enzyme immunoassay, 90.8 and 96.6%; and the fluorescence polarization assay, 93.5 and 97.2%; respectively. It was concluded that the fluorescence polarization assay was a valuable asset to the diagnosis of porcine brucellosis because of its accuracy, ease of performance and relative cost