Pointed Trees Of Projective Spaces

We introduce a smooth projective variety T(d,n) which compactifies the space of configurations of it distinct points oil affine d-space modulo translation and homothety. The points in the boundary correspond to n-pointed stable rooted trees of d-dimensional projective spaces, which for d = 1, are (n + 1)-pointed stable rational curves. In particular, T(1,n) is isomorphic to ($) over bar (0,n+1), the moduli space of such curves. The variety T(d,n) shares many properties with (M) over bar (0,n+1). For example, as we prove, the boundary is a smooth normal crossings divisor whose components are products of T(d,i) for i \u3c n and it has an inductive construction analogous to but differing from Keel\u27s for (0,n+1). This call be used to describe its Chow groups and Chow motive generalizing [Trans. Airier. Math. Soc. 330 (1992), 545-574]. It also allows us to compute its Poincare polynomials, giving all alternative to the description implicit in [Progr. Math., vol. 129, Birkhauser, 1995, pp. 401-417]. We give a presentation of the Chow rings of T(d,n), exhibit explicit dual bases for the dimension I and codimension 1 cycles. The variety T(d,n) is embedded in the Fulton-MacPherson spaces X[n] for any smooth variety X, and we use this connection in a number of ways. In particular we give a family of ample divisors on T(d,n) and an inductive presentation of the Chow motive of X[n]. This also gives an inductive presentation of the Chow groups of X[n] analogous to Keel\u27s presentation for (M) over bar (0,n+1), solving a problem posed by Fulton and MacPherson

A mass-balance/photochemical assessment of DMS sea-to-air flux as inferred from NASA GTE PEM-West a and B observations

This study reports dimethyl sulfide (DMS) sea-to-air fluxes derived from a mass-balance/photochemical-modeling approach. The region investigated was the western North Pacific covering the latitude range of 0°-30°N. Two NASA airborne databases were used in this study: PEM-West A in September-October 1991 and PEM-West B in February-March 1994. A total of 35 boundary layer (BL) sampling runs were recorded between the two programs. However, after filtering these data for pollution impacts and DMS lifetime considerations, this total was reduced to 13. Input for each analysis consisted of atmospheric DMS measurements, the equivalent mixing depth (EMD) for DMS, and model estimated values for OH and NO3. The evaluation of the EMD took into account both DMS within the BL as well as that transported into the overlying atmospheric buffer layer (BuL). DMS fluxes ranged from 0.6 to 3.0 μmol m-2d-1 for PEM-West A (10 sample runs) and 1.4 to 1.9 μmol m-2d-1 for PEM-West B (3 sample runs). Sensitivity analyses showed that the photochemically evaluated DMS flux was most influenced by the DMS vertical profile and the diel profile for OH. A propagation of error analysis revealed that the uncertainty associated with individual flux determinations ranged from a factor of 1.3 to 1.5. Also assessed were potential systematic errors. The first of these relates to our noninclusion of large-scale mean vertical motion as it might appear in the form of atmospheric subsidence or as a convergence. Our estimates here would place this error in the range of O to 30%. By far the largest systematic error is that associated with stochastic events (e.g., those involving major changes in cloud coverage). In the latter case, sensitivity tests suggested that the error could be as high as a factor of 2. With improvements in such areas as BL sampling time, direct observations of OH, improved DMS vertical profiling, direct assessment of vertical velocity in the field, and preflight (24 hours) detailed meteorological data, it appears that the uncertainty in this approach could be reduced to ±25%. Copyright 1999 by the American Geophysical Union

Early Delirium Assessment for Hospitalized Older People in Indonesia: a Systematic Review

Background: Due to the increasing risk of getting co-morbidity and frailty, older people tend to be prone to hospitalization. Hospitalization in older people brings many adverse effects. Moreover, when these elderly get delirium, the mortality and morbidity will increase. The risk of getting deterioration and worsening condition because of delirium would also increase. In fact, delirium assessment is not a high priority in taking care older people during hospitalization because the focus of care is treating the disease.Delirium screening as an early recognition of delirium in the hospitalized elderly inIndonesia remains unreported and even do not well evaluated. Therefore, delirium as a preventable problem or causing problems remains unrecognized.Purpose: This paper aims to review the current evidence of early assessment of delirium in hospitalized older people.Methods: A systematic review was conducted from four databases yielding to 4 articles which met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: There are four focuses on the result, namely delirium screening tools, patient characteristics, identified early delirium assessment, and outcomes affected by early delirium assessment. Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) was used as the delirium screening tool in the hospital. Establishing the care team involving many disciplines will give a better way to improve the integrated care and collaborative care.Conclusion: Performing CAM integrated into comprehensive geriatric assessment can be the most important thing to be undertaken when looking after the hospitalized elderly