Malting improves complementary porridges energy density

United States Agency for International Developmen

Caracterisation agronomique, physico-chimique et nutritionnelle de quatre varietes hybrides de carotte (Daucus carota) au nord de la Cote d’Ivoire

La carotte est prisée à cause de ses vertus nutritionnelles et thérapeutiques qui concourent à un régime sain et équilibré. La présente étude vise à déterminer et comparer les caractéristiques agronomiques, physico-chimiques et nutritionnelles de quatre variétés hybrides de carotte cultivées au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire. Le dispositif expérimental était composé de blocs complets randomisés, avec quatre traitements et quatre répétitions. Les écartements entre les plants ont été de 25 cm x 8 cm. Les facteurs de croissance et le rendement ont été évalués et les paramètres physico-chimiques et nutritionnels ont été dosés, à partir d’échantillons de racines des variétés. Les résultats ont montré que le témoin Amazonia est caractérisé par des taux élevés en acidité titrable et en cendre. La variété Pamela+ est caractérisée par un nombre de feuilles, un taux d’humidité, une longueur des racines et un rendement élevés. La variété Bahia est marquée par des teneurs plus élevées en protéines et en glucides. La variété Madona se distingue plutôt par un pH et des teneurs en lipides relativement plus importants. La variété Pamela+ contribuera à augmenter les revenus des producteurs et à réduire la pauvreté au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire.Mots-clés: Caractéristiques, carotte, Côte d’Ivoire, hybrides, rendementEnglish Title: Agronomic, physicochemical and nutritional characterization of four hybrids varieties of carrot (Daucus carota) in northern Côte d’IvoireEnglish AbstractCarrot is appraisal because of its nutritional and therapeutic virtues that contribute to a healthy and balanced diet. The current study aims to determine and compare the agronomic, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics of four hybrids varieties of carrot cultivated in northern Côte d’Ivoire. The experimental lay out was composed of randomized complete blocks with four treatments and four replicates. The spacings between seedlings were of 25 cm x 8 cm. Growth parameters and yield were assessed and physicochemical and nutritional parameters were determinate using samples of roots of the varieties. The results of study showed that the control Amazonia is characterized by high rates of titratable acidity and ash content. The variety Pamela+ is characterized by high values of leaves number, humidity rate, length and yield of roots. Bahia variety is marked by high levels of protein and carbohydrates. Madona variety distinguishes itself rather by relatively high pH and lipid contents. The variety Pamela+ will contribute to increase farmers’ incomes and thus reduce poverty in northern Côte d’Ivoire.Keywords: Characteristics, carrot, Côte d’Ivoire, hybrids, yiel

Institutional histories, seasonal floodplains (mares), and livelihood impacts of fish stocking in the Inner Niger River Delta of Mali

The Community-based Fish Culture in Seasonal Floodplains and Irrigation Systems (CBFC) project is a five year research project supported by the Challenge Program on Water and Food (CPWF), with the aim of increasing productivity of seasonally occurring water bodies through aquaculture. The project has been implemented in Bangladesh, Cambodia, China, Mali and Vietnam, where technical and institutional options for community based aquaculture have been tested. The project began in 2005 and was completed in March 2010. The seasonally flooded depressions in the Inner Niger Delta (known as mares) represent a critical fishery resource for the inhabitants of the village of Komio, and at present, access is open to all residents. A proposal to build stocked fish enclosures in the main village mare presents potential benefits and risks. On one hand, overall productivity in the mare could be significantly increased, providing important sources of protein and cash during the annual drought period, when few livelihood activities can be performed and when village livelihoods are at their most vulnerable. Enhanced productivity in mares may also decrease local household pressures for seasonal labor migration. On the other hand, a resulting increase in the value of these mares may encourage elite capture of project benefits or rentseeking by certain village leaders of the landowning Marka ethnic group. Using qualitative interviews and focus group discussions, the study provides evidence of how local institutional and leadership capacity for equitable common property resource management have evolved since the introduction of irrigated farming systems (known as PΘrimΦtres IrriguΘs Villageois or PIVs) in the 1990s.Fishing rights, River fisheries, Livelihoods

Development of a Malian food exchange system based on local foods and dishes for the assessment of nutrient and food intake in type 2 diabetic subjects

Objective: To develop exchange lists for the assessment of food and nutrient intakes for people with diabetes in Mali.Design: Based on North American exchange lists, a Malian food exchange system was developed using food composition tables for Mali. Dietary intakes were assessed by two 48-hour dietary recalls. Daily numbers of exchanges were determined for the whole sample and for each gender. Energy and macronutrient intakes obtained by a software-based nutritional analysis of the dietary recalls were compared with the average energy and nutrient values calculated with the exchange lists.Setting: Centre National de Lutte contre le Diabète.Subjects: Seventeen male and 40 female adults with type 2 diabetes.Results: The analysis of food recalls using the Malian exchange system showed that subjects consumed the following numbers of exchanges per day: 2.6 ± 1.5 meat and substitutes, 0.5 ± 0.8 legumes, 0.7 ± 1.2 milk, 8.0 ± 4.1 fat, 8.3 ± 3.0 starch, 1.5 ± 0.9 vegetables, 0.2 ± 0.5 fruit, and 0.0 ± 0.2 sugar-added foods, totalling 1 854 ± 648 kcal, 260 ± 92 g carbohydrate, 56 ± 23 g protein and 63 ± 31 g fat. These results concerning energy and macronutrients did not differ significantly from those obtained from the nutritional analysis of food recalls with software using data from the Food Composition Table for Mali. Compared to women, men consumed significantly larger numbers of exchanges of meat and substitutes, fat, starch, and fruit. No significant differences were found for the intakes of legumes, milk, vegetables and sugar-added foods.Conclusions: This study allowed the development of Malian food exchange lists and demonstrated their usefulness for the description of the dietary pattern and energy and macronutrient intakes of male and female Malian type 2 diabetic patients

Etude des paramètres sériques biochimiques : le cas des lapins (Néozelandais – cunistar) de Côte d\'ivoire.

une insuffisance des bases données. Les valeurs obtenues sur l\'ensemble des sérums des animaux ont permis d\'observer les moyennes au niveau de la glycémie (0,79 ± 0,18 g/l) et des métabolites tels que, l\'urée (0,42 ± 0,10 g/l), la créatinine (6,88 ± 1,66 mg/l), l\'acide urique (5,42 3,75 mg/l), le cholestérol total (0,55 ± 0,13 mg/l), les triglycérides (2,18 ± 1,23 g/l), les protéines totales (26,00 ± 15,16 g/l), les bilirubines totales (7,25 ± 1,07 mg/l) et les bilirubines directes 1,58 ± 0,38 mg/l. Concernant les enzymes, les déterminations des valeurs ont été faites pour la transaminase alanine - aminotransférase (45,52 ± 20,54 UI/l), la transaminase aspartate - aminotransférase (21,24 ± 9,89 UI/l), les phosphatases alcalines (432,66 ± 207,8 UI/l), la ã Glutamyl transférase (24,24 ± 15,21 UI/l), les créatine phosphokinases (954 ± 343,4 UI/l), les lactates déshydrogénases (1135 ± 335,93 UI/l) et enfin les amylases (114,72 ± 27,99 UI/l). Par ailleurs, les moyennes des ions ont été déterminées pour le calcium (94 ± 4,43 mg/l), le magnésium (15,72 ± 2,49 mg/ l), le phosphore (26,70 ± 10,51 mg/l), le fer sérique (1,33 ± 0,74 mg/l), le sodium (141,89 ± 3,96 mg/l), le potassium (3,89 ± 0,38 mg/l) et enfin le chlore (100,85 ± 3,04 mg/l). En conclusion, les valeurs obtenues en zone tropicale nécessitent une évaluation avec un échantillonnage plus grand pour des comparaisons avec des données européennesStudy of biochemical serum constituents among rabbits (Néozélandais-cunistar) in Côte d\'Ivoire is carried out as a result insufficiency of available data. Values acquired from all animals serum allowed to look at glycemia (0.79 ± 0.18 g/l) and metabolites related averages such as, urea (0.42 ± 0.10 g/l), creatinine (6.88 ± 1.66 mg/l), uric acid (5.42 ± 3.75 mg/l), total cholesterol (0.55 ± 0.13 mg/l), triglycol (2.18 ± 1.23 g/l), total proteins (26.00 ± 15.16 g/l), total bilirubins (7.25 ± 1.07 mg/l) and bilirubins direct (1.58 ± 0.38 mg/l). Concerning enzymes, averages were worked out for alanine - aminotransferase (45.52 ± 20.54 UI/l), aspartate - aminotransferase (21.24 ± 9.89 UI/l), phosphatases alkaline (432.66 ± 207.8 UI/l), ã Glutamyl transférase (24.24 ± 15.21 UI/l), créatine kinase (954 ± 343.4 UI/l), lactate deshydrogenase (1135 ± 335.93 UI/l) and the amylases (114.72 ± 27.99 UI/l). Besides as to ions, the averages were determined for calcium (94 ± 4.43 mg/l), magnesium (15.72 ± 2.49 mg/l), phosphor (26.70 ± 10.51 mg/l), iron serum (1.33 ± 0.74 mg/l), sodium (141.89 ± 3.96 mg/l), potassium (3.89 ± 0.38 mg/l) and chlorine (100.85 ± 3.04 mg/l). In short, the values obtained in tropical area require assessment with a larger sampling for comparisons with European data. Keywords: paramètr.es sériques, Néozélandais -Cunistar, lapin./serum parameters, Néozélandais - Cunistar, rabbit.Sciences & Nature Vol. 4 (1) 2007: pp. 37-4

Evaluation de l’effet repulsif d’extraits de neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., 1830) sur le charançon de la patate douce (Cylas puncticollis Boheman, 1833) en condition de laboratoire a Korhogo, nord de la Cote d’Ivoire

Une stratégie de gestion intégrée des insectes nuisibles à la culture de la patate douce a été élaborée pour réduire les pertes dues à ceux-ci. Ainsi, les propriétés répulsives des extraits de feuilles et d’amandes de neem ont été évaluées sur Cylas puncticollis, un charançon de la patate douce. Pour ce faire, quatre concentrations d’extraits ont été préparées à raison de quatre répétitions par concentration. Le test a consisté à la détermination du pourcentage de charançons présents dans la zone traitée. Chacune des concentrations d’extraits a été appliquée sur la moitié d’un papier buvard placé dans une boite de Pétri de 9 cm de diamètre et sur lequel 10 charançons ont été posés. Les effets répulsifs des extraits ont été comparés à ceux d’un insecticide chimique et l’eau distillée. Le test avec 20 cL/L d’extraits de feuilles a causé 85 % de répulsion contre 45 % pour les amandes à 25 g/L. Les extraits ont significativement causé plus de répulsion que l’eau distillée et l’insecticide chimique. Les tests ont révélé un potentiel plus répulsif des extraits de feuilles comparé à celui des amandes. Les extraits de neem pourraient constituer une alternative crédible à la lutte chimique pour la protection de la patate douce contre ce charançon. English title: Evaluation of the repellent effect of neem extracts (Azadirachta indica A. Juss., 1830) on the sweet potato weevil (Cylas puncticollis Boheman, 1833) under laboratory conditions in Korhogo, northern Côte d’Ivoire Abstract An integrated pest management strategy for sweet potatoes has been developed to reduce pest losses. Thus, the repellent properties of neem leaf and kernel extracts were evaluated on Cylas puncticollis, a sweet potato weevil. For this purpose, four concentrations of extracts were prepared with four replicates per concentration. The test consisted of determining the percentage of weevils in the treated area. Each of the extract concentrations was applied to half of a blotting paper placed in 9 cm diameter Petri dishes on which 10 weevils were placed. The repellent effects of the extracts were compared to those of a chemical insecticide and distilled water. Test with 20 cL/L leaf extract caused 85% repellence compared to 45% for almonds at 25 g/L. Compared to the chemical insecticide and distilled water, the extracts caused significantly more repellence. The tests revealed a higher repellent potential of the leaf extracts compared to those of almonds. Neem extracts could be a credible alternative to chemical control for the protection of sweet potato against this weevil. Keywords: Neem extracts, Repellent effect, Sweet potato, Cylas puncticolli