1,458 research outputs found
Scalable Peer-to-Peer Indexing with Constant State
We present a distributed indexing scheme for peer to peer networks. Past work on distributed indexing traded off fast search times with non-constant degree topologies or network-unfriendly behavior such as flooding. In contrast, the scheme we present optimizes all three of these performance measures. That is, we provide logarithmic round searches while maintaining connections to a fixed number of peers and avoiding network flooding. In comparison to the well known scheme Chord, we provide competitive constant factors. Finally, we observe that arbitrary linear speedups are possible and discuss both a general brute force approach and specific economical optimizations
The interaction of gibberellic acid and 2-(chloroethyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride on fruit cluster development in Vitis vinifera L.
The effects of applications of GA and CCC in factorial combinations and at different stages of development were measured on reproductive development of five cultivars of Vitis vinifera: Doradillo and Muscat (seeded), Sultana (stenospermocarpic), and Cape Currant and Zante Currant (parthenocarpic). The effect of GA on fruit set varied with concentration, stage of development when applied, and the cultivar, that is whether seeded, stenospermocarpic, or parthenocarpic. Set was decreased in the parthenocarpic cultivars by GA applied before anthesis; other timings were without effect. On Sultana, set was decreased by GA applied at anthesis but was increased by earlier or later applications. With the seeded cultivars, GA reduced the number of seeded berries but increased the number of seedless berries, the net effect being usually an increase. The application of CCC two weeks. before anthesis generally increased set. The amount of seed development also influenced the effect of GA on berry fresh weight; seeded berries were unaffected but seedless berries were usually enlarged. The enlargement was greatest in parthenocarpic berries especially when treated at anthesis. On stenospermocarpic berries, treatment two weeks after anthesis had the greatest effect. CCC reduced berry size whether applied before or after anthesis; the reductions ranged from 2 to 20 per cent.GA increased the length/width ratio of berries, particularly when applied at anthesis, but the amount of change depended on the cultivar. CCC reduced the length/width ratio of Sultana berries. The effects of GA and CCC on rachis elongation were also opposite: GA increased the length of the rachis and pedicel, particularly if applied before anthesis; CCC reduced their length.There were few instances where GA and CCC interacted significantly; their effects within the concentration ranges chosen were generally additive.Der EinfluĂ von GibberellinsĂ€ure und CCC auf die Traubenentwicklung bei Vitis vinifera L.Der EinfluĂ von GibberellinsĂ€ure (GS)- und CCC-Gaben in faktorieller Kombination und in verschiedenen Entwicklungsphasen auf die generative Entwicklung der fĂŒnf Vitis vinifera-Sorten Doradillo und Muskat (samenhaltig), Sultana (stenospermokarp), Cape Currant und Zante Currant (parthenokarp) wurde gemessen. Der EinfluĂ der GS auf den Fruchtansatz hing von der Konzentration, dem Entwicklungsstadium zur Zeit der Applikation und von der Sorte ab, d. h. ob samenhaltig, stenospermokarp oder parthenokarp. Vor der Anthesis angewendet, verminderte GS den Fruchtansatz; spĂ€tere Anwendungen waren ohne Wirkung. Bei Sultana verminderte GS den Fruchtansatz, wenn sie zur BlĂŒtezeit, und erhöhte ihn, wenn sie vorher oder nachher appliziert wurde. Bei den samenhaltigen Sorten verminderte GS die Zahl der samenhaltigen und erhöhte die der samenlosen Beeren; die Gesamtzahl der Beeren war gewöhnlich vergröĂert. Die Anwendung von CCC zwei Wochen vor dem BlĂŒhen erhöhte allgemein den Fruchtansatz.Ăber die Samenentwicklung beeinfluĂte GS auch das Frischgewicht der Beeren; samenhaltige Beeren lieĂen keine Wirkung erkennen, wĂ€hrend samenlose meistens vergröĂert waren, und zwar am stĂ€rksten bei parthenokarpen Beeren, besonders nach Behandlung wĂ€hrend der Anthesis. Bei stenospermokarpen Beeren hatte die zwei Wochen nach der BlĂŒtezeit applizierte GS die gröĂte Wirkung. CCC, vor oder nach dem AufblĂŒhen angewendet, verminderte die BeerengröĂe; der RĂŒckgang betrug 2-20%. Durch GS wurde - sortenabhĂ€ngig - das VerhĂ€ltnis LĂ€nge/Breite der Beeren vergröĂert, besonders bei Anwendung wĂ€hrend der Anthesis. CCC verminderte dieses VerhĂ€ltnis bei Sultana-Beeren. Auch das Wachstum des Traubenstieles wurde durch GS und CCC gegensĂ€tzlich beeinfluĂt; GS förderte das LĂ€ngenwachstum von Traubenund Beerenstielen, besonders bei Anwendung vor der BlĂŒte; CCC verminderte es. In einigen FĂ€llen beeinfluĂten sich GS und CCC gegenseitig signifikant; im allgemeinen wurden hierdurch bei den verwendeten Konzentrationen ihre Wirkungen gesteigert
Arbitrary Rotated Coordinate Systems for the Inclined Plane as an Introduction to Group Theory in the Introductory Physics Classroom
The elementary problem of a block sliding down an inclined plane is examined in detail with respect to different oriented coordinate systems that are typically not utilized due to the complexity of the problem. After solving for the equation of motion in these different coordinate systems group theory is applied and shown to yield the same results
Gibberellic acid, chlorocholine chloride and yield increases in Zante currant
GA and CCC additively increased yield of Zante currant fruit. GA induced an increase in berry size (weight and volume) which was unaffected by CCC, while CCC offset to an appreciable extent the reduction in berry number associated with low concentrations of GA
Hydrogen Cyanamide Causes Reversible G2/M Cell Cycle Arrest Accompanied by Oxidation of the Nucleus and Cytosol
Hydrogen cyanamide (HC) has been widely used in horticulture to trigger bud burst following dormancy. Its use has been banned in some countries due to human health concerns, however the search for effective safe alternatives is delayed by lack of knowledge of the mechanism of HC action. Earlier studies demonstrate that HC stimulates the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and alters the rate of cell division. However, the relationships between HC effects on ROS, redox (reduction/oxidation) homeostasis and cell division are unknown. This study used Arabidopsis thaliana ((L.) Heynh.) seedlings expressing the redox reporter roGFP2 to measure the oxidation states of the nuclei and cytosol in response to HC treatment. The Cytrap dual cell cycle phase marker system and flow cytometry were used to study associated changes in cell proliferation. HC (1.5 mM) reversibly inhibited root growth during a 24 h treatment. Higher concentrations were not reversible. HC did not synchronise the cell cycle, in contrast to hydroxyurea. Rather, HC caused a gradual accumulation of cells in the G2/M phase and decline of G1/S phase cells, 16 to 24 h post-treatment. This was accompanied by increased oxidation of both the nuclei and cytosol. Taken together, these findings show that HC impairs proliferation of embryonic root meristem cells in a reversible manner through restriction of G2/M transition accompanied by increased cellular oxidation
Combination GLP-1 and Insulin Treatment Fails to Alter Myocardial Fuel Selection Versus Insulin Alone in Type 2 Diabetes
Context
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and the clinically available GLP-1 agonists have been shown to exert effects on the heart. It is unclear whether these effects occur at clinically used doses in vivo in humans, possibly contributing to CVD risk reduction.
Objective
To determine whether liraglutide at clinical dosing augments myocardial glucose uptake alone or in combination with insulin compared to insulin alone in metformin-treated Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Design
Comparison of myocardial fuel utilization after 3 months of treatment with insulin detemir, liraglutide, or combination detemir+liraglutide.
Setting
Academic hospital
Participants
Type 2 diabetes treated with metformin plus oral agents or basal insulin.
Interventions
Insulin detemir, liraglutide, or combination added to background metformin
Main Outcome Measures
Myocardial blood flow, fuel selection and rates of fuel utilization evaluated using positron emission tomography, powered to demonstrate large effects.
Results
We observed greater myocardial blood flow in the insulin-treated groups (median[25th, 75th percentile]: detemir 0.64[0.50, 0.69], liraglutide 0.52[0.46, 0.58] and detemir+liraglutide 0.75[0.55, 0.77] mL/g/min, p=0.035 comparing 3 groups and p=0.01 comparing detemir groups to liraglutide alone). There were no evident differences between groups in myocardial glucose uptake (detemir 0.040[0.013, 0.049], liraglutide 0.055[0.019, 0.105], detemir+liraglutide 0.037[0.009, 0.046] ”mol/g/min, p=0.68 comparing 3 groups). Similarly there were no treatment group differences in measures of myocardial fatty acid uptake or handling, and no differences in total oxidation rate.
Conclusions
These observations argue against large effects of GLP-1 agonists on myocardial fuel metabolism as mediators of beneficial treatment effects on myocardial function and ischemia protection
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