Conditions for efficient charge generation preceded by energy transfer process in non-fullerene organic solar cells

The minimum driving force strategy is applied to promote the exciton dissociation in organic solar cells (OSCs) without significant loss of open-circuit voltage. However, this strategy tends to promote F\"orster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from the donor to the acceptor (D-A), a consequence generally ignored until recently. In spite of the advances reported on this topic, the correlation between charge-transfer (CT) state binding energy and driving force remains unclear, especially in the presence of D-A FRET. To address this question, we employ a kinetic approach to model the charge separation in ten different D/A blends using non-fullerene acceptors. The model considers the influence of FRET on photoluminescence (PL) quenching efficiency. It successfully predicts the measured PL quenching efficiency for D or A photoexcitation in those blends, including the ones for which the D-A FRET process is relevant. Furthermore, the application of the model allows to quantifying the fractions of quenching loss associated with charge transfer and energy transfer. Fundamental relationships that controls the exciton dissociation was derived evidencing the key roles played by the Marcus inverted regime, exciton lifetime and mainly by the correlation between the driving force and binding energy of CT state. Based on those findings, we propose some strategies to maximize the quenching efficiency and minimize energy loss of OSCs in the presence of D-A FRET.Comment: 44 pages, 10 figures, 3 table

Surgical treatment of the impingement syndrome and of the rotator cuff tears: personal experience in 134 cases

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Synthesis of Polyglobalide by Enzymatic Ring Opening Polymerization Using Pressurized Fluids

Here, the synthesis of polyglobalide (PGl) by enzymatic ring-opening polymerization (e-ROP) is investigated, using pressurized carbon dioxide (CO2), pressurized CO2 + dichloromethane (DCM), and pressurized propane as solvents. Particularly, the effects of phase equilibrium on the course of e-ROP and PGl final properties are discussed. The partition coefficients of CO2, DCM, propane, globalide and PGl were calculated with help of thermodynamic models, providing proper understanding of monomer partitioning in the reaction system. Reactions performed in pure CO2 resulted in monomer conversions of 100%. Besides, when only one liquid phase was present inside the reactor, PGl samples presented low polydispersities and high average molecular weights. When carried out in CO2 + DCM, e-ROP resulted in lower monomer conversions and PGl samples with higher polydispersities and lower average molecular weights. Finally, reactions carried out in pressurized propane (200 bar) produced PGl samples with the highest average molecular weights among the analyzed products.Comment: 41 pages, 9 figures, 8 table

PO-338 Recurrent glioblastoma: a complex scenario dominated by loss of MMR proteins

Introduction Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumour in adults and the Stupp protocol represents the standard of care. However, the tumour invariably relapses suggesting marked intra-tumour genetic heterogeneity enabling rapid adaptation to therapy. In-depth characterisation of recurrent GBM (rGBM) might contribute to better understand mechanisms behind tumour progression and enable rGBM treatment with targeted drugs. Material and methods Matched GBM samples have been collected at diagnosis and recurrence from adult patients (n=57) treated with the Stupp protocol. Expression of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins (MLH1, PMS2, MSH2, MSH6) was evaluated by IHC, followed by exome sequencing of 3 pairs showing loss of MSH6 reactivity as well as of 3 MSH6 positive pairs. In addition, established genetic and epigenetic markers of GBM were investigated along with their correlation with loss of MMR proteins and patients' survival. Results and discussions According to IHC results, 13 out of 52 rGBM samples (25%) lacked expression of MMR proteins. In particular, 11 among the 13 samples (85%) showed partial or total reduction of MSH6 expression. Conversely, almost all GBM samples at diagnosis (96.4%) stained positive for the 4 MMR markers. Consistent with IHC data, exome sequencing disclosed lack of variants in MMR genes in primary samples whereas rGBM samples lacking MSH6 expression were mutated in the abovementioned genes and shared a c.3438+1G>A* splicing variant in MSH6 with a potential loss of function effect. Moreover, MSH6 negative relapsed specimens were characterised by 30 to 100-fold more variants compared to the matched primary ones and lacked microsatellite instability. Notably, MMR deficiency was associated with significant telomere shortening. Conversely, the tumour pairs expressing MMR proteins showed an almost comparable number of mutations in primary versus relapsed samples and absence of variants in MMR genes both in the initial tumours and in their recurrent counterpart. Conclusion Our study shows that IHC staining is a valuable tool to identify a subset of rGBM patients with alterations in MMR genes linked to high mutational burden and, hence, potentially eligible for drugs targeting immune checkpoint inhibitors

Dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene: synthesis, characterization and application in OLEDs

A soluble, green-blue fluorescent, pi-extended azatrioxa[8]circulene was synthesized by oxidative condensation of a 3,6-dihydroxycarbazole and 1,4-anthraquinone by using benzofuran scaffolding. This is the first circulene to incorporate anthracene within its carbon framework. Solvent-dependent fluorescence and bright green electroluminescence accompanied by excimer emission are the key optical properties of this material. The presence of sliding pi-stacked columns in the single crystal of dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene is found to cause a very high electron-hopping rate, thus making this material a promising n-type organic semiconductor with an electron mobility predicted to be around 2.26 cm(2) V-1 s(-1). The best organic light-emitting diode (OLED) device based on the dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene fluorescent emitter has a brightness of around 16 000 Cd m(-2) and an external quantum efficiency of 3.3 %. Quantum dot-based OLEDs were fabricated by using dianthracenylazatrioxa[8]circulene as a host matrix material.Peer reviewe