Supercritical CO2 for the drying and microbial inactivation of apple's slices

Supercritical CO2 (Sc-CO2) drying has been recognized as a promising low temperature drying technique for food products. In this regard, this work focuses on the feasibility of Sc-CO2 drying of apple’s slices: both the microbiological stability and mechanical behavior of the test product after the process have been investigated in dependence from different process parameters, namely drying time, pressurization time, and depressurization time. The microbiological stability was determined for both inoculated pathogenic bacteria (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes) and naturally present microorganisms (yeasts and molds, mesophilic bacteria and spores and Enterobacteriaceae). Results demonstrated a complete inactivation of pathogenic bacteria under the detection limit (<1 CFU/g) just after the pressurization (10 min) and depressurization (20 min) phases. After the same steps, a strong reduction of vegetative bacteria and yeasts and molds was also observed in comparison with air drying and freeze drying samples. As regards the mechanical behavior, the Young Modulus, measured before and after the CO2 processes to provide a measurement of samples’ stiffness, resulted dependent from the final water activity, but independent from the length of pressurization and depressurization phases at longer drying time. Overall, these results are promising to foster the development of the technology at industrial level

Convergent communication, sensing and localization in 6g systems: An overview of technologies, opportunities and challenges

Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust

Convergent Communication, Sensing and Localization in 6G Systems: An Overview of Technologies, Opportunities and Challenges

Herein, we focus on convergent 6G communication, localization and sensing systems by identifying key technology enablers, discussing their underlying challenges, implementation issues, and recommending potential solutions. Moreover, we discuss exciting new opportunities for integrated localization and sensing applications, which will disrupt traditional design principles and revolutionize the way we live, interact with our environment, and do business. Regarding potential enabling technologies, 6G will continue to develop towards even higher frequency ranges, wider bandwidths, and massive antenna arrays. In turn, this will enable sensing solutions with very fine range, Doppler, and angular resolutions, as well as localization to cm-level degree of accuracy. Besides, new materials, device types, and reconfigurable surfaces will allow network operators to reshape and control the electromagnetic response of the environment. At the same time, machine learning and artificial intelligence will leverage the unprecedented availability of data and computing resources to tackle the biggest and hardest problems in wireless communication systems. As a result, 6G will be truly intelligent wireless systems that will provide not only ubiquitous communication but also empower high accuracy localization and high-resolution sensing services. They will become the catalyst for this revolution by bringing about a unique new set of features and service capabilities, where localization and sensing will coexist with communication, continuously sharing the available resources in time, frequency, and space. This work concludes by highlighting foundational research challenges, as well as implications and opportunities related to privacy, security, and trust

Impact of RF mismatches on the performance of massive MIMO systems with ZF precoding

Thanks to the channel reciprocity, the time division duplex (TDD) operation is more preferred in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Avoiding the heavy feedback of downlink channel state information (CSI) from the user equipment (UE) to the base station (BS), the uplink CSI can be exploited for the downlink precoding. However, due to the mismatches of the radio frequency (RF) circuits at both sides of the link, the whole communication channels are usually not symmetric in practical systems. This paper is focused on the RF mismatches at the UEs and the BS for the multi-user massive MIMO systems with zero forcing (ZF) precoding. The closed-form expressions of the ergodic sum-rates are derived for evaluating the impact of RF mismatches on the system performance. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the RF mismatches at the UEs only lead to a negligible performance loss. However, it is imperative to perform reciprocity calibration at the BS, because the RF mismatches at the BS contribute to the inter-user interference (IUI) and result in a severe system performance degradation

Changes of urinary iodine excretion of newborns over a period of twenty years.

The use of iodized salt is not mandatory in Hungary and supply is irregular since decades. The effect of this anomaly was studied on the neonatal urinary iodine excretion over a period of twenty years.Journal Articleinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Further evidence of the role played by cassava in the etiology of endemic goiter in man

Abstractinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Belgian heart disease prevention project: comparison of self-reported smoking behavior with serum thiocyanate concentrations.

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Cassava toxicity: the role of linamarin

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe