Economic Impact and Significance: Additional Insights for Measurement in Special Events

Abstract Special events are an important component of the tourism industry, and they attract visitors to areas where they are hosted. These events have an economic impact and significance in the local host communities, since the visitors will spend money during their travel and visits to these destinations that bring benefits. While substantial effort has been made in the past to measure the economic impact of attractions and destinations, less time has been spent on adapting these measures for the measurement of periodic special events. The purpose of this study is to further examine and update the measurement concepts associated with assessing the economic impact and significance of three different special events. Specifically, this study examined and further the study of these economic impact measurements through the examination and application of EIS measurement techniques to three events in Western Massachusetts: Great New England Air Show, Volleyball Hall of Fame Events, and Westfield International Air Show

Differences in the Psychological Profiles of Elite and Non-elite Athletes

One of the main goals of sport psychology is to identify those psychological factors that are relevant for sport performance as well as possibilities of their development. The aim of the study was to determine whether the set of specific psychological characteristics [generalized self-efficacy, time perspective, emotional intelligence (EI), general achievement motivation, and personality dimensions] makes the distinction between athletes based on their (non)-participation in the senior national team, that is, their belonging to the subsample of elite or non-elite athletes depending on this criterion. According to the group centroids it can be said that elite athletes are characterized by a positive high score in self-efficacy, emotionality, present fatalistic time perspective, past positive time perspective, and openness to experience. They are also characterized by low past negative time perspective, emotional competence, and future time perspective. Non-elite athletes have the opposite traits. The results have been discussed in the context of their application in the process of talent selection and development in sport as well as the development of life skills in athletes

How service design cues help in service failures

Terres, M. D. S., Herter, M. M., Pinto, D. C., & Mazzon, J. A. (2020). The power of sophistication: How service design cues help in service failures. Journal of Consumer Behaviour, 19(3), 277-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/cb.1816By analyzing three experimental studies, this research tests how and when sophisticated service environment designs (compared to modest service designs) can minimize consumers' negative emotions and increase repurchase intentions after a failure. Drawing on part-list cueing literature, this research proposes that when a service failure occurs in a sophisticated (vs. modest) environment, consumers will rely on the sophisticated style of design as cues for service quality. We argue that sophisticated (vs. modest) service designs work as strong cues for quality that restrict the retrieval of negative information by consumers and can minimize the negative impacts of service failure, reducing consumers' negative emotions and increasing repurchase intentions. We further advance our theorizing by showing how choice failure consequences (i.e., the risk or consequence related to the service choice) moderate the effects via associative pathways of retrieval. The findings contribute to theory and practice by revealing how service designs can serve as cues to mitigate adverse consequences of service failure.authorsversionpublishe

Strength and thermal stability of Cu-Al2O3 composite obtained by internal oxidation

The objective of the work is to study the effects of the high-energy milling on strengthening, thermal stability and electrical conductivity of Cu-Al2O3 composite. The prealloyed copper powders, atomized in inert gas and containing 3 wt. % Al, were milled up to 20 h in the planetary ball mill to oxidize in situ aluminium with oxygen from the air. Composite compacts were obtained by hot-pressing in an argon atmosphere at 800 degrees C for 3 h under the pressure of 35 MPa. The microstructural characterization was performed by the optical microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The microhardness, electrical conductivity and density measurements were also carried out. The effect of internal oxidation and high-energy milling on strengthening of Cu-Al2O3 composite was significant, The increase of the microhardness of composite compacts (292 HV) is almost threefold comparing to compacts processed from the as-received Cu-3 wt. % Al powder (102 HV). The grain size of Cu-Al2O3 compacts processed from 5 and 20 h-milled powders was 75 and 45 nm, respectively. The small increase in the grain size and the small microhardness drop indicate the high thermal stability of Cu-Al2O3 composite during high-temperature exposure at 800 degrees C

Proceso agrario en Bolivia y América Latina

El material esta distribuido en cinco partes. La primera está referida a los resultados y perspectivas de la Reforma Agraria en Bolivia. Está dividida en tres temáticas: la Reforma Agraria en las Tierras Altas, la Reforma Agraria en las Tierras Bajas y la Reforma Agraria en el Chaco. La segunda parte contiene las intervenciones realizadas por los invitados extranjeros sobre los resultados y perspectivas de la Reforma Agraria en América Latina y en México, Perú y Ecuador. La tercera parte corresponde a las intervenciones de los representantes de las organizaciones indígenas y campesinas bolivianas, que fueron invitados para debatir el tema Tierra, Democracia y Poder. Esta parte esta precedida por un recuento general de la situación de los Movimientos Indígenas-Campesinos en América Latina y sus perspectivas. La cuarta da cuenta de las intervenciones hechas por los representantes de las organizaciones de productores agrarios, campesinos y empresarios, quienes fueron invitados para debatir el tema Tierra, Economía e Integración. La última parte es una síntesis de las ideas y aspectos relevantes producto de las exposiciones y de las preguntas de los asistentes al seminario, que dejaron una estela de inquietudes e iniciativas que son el eslabón para futuros debates en otros espacios de reflexión en diferentes lugares del país, con la participación de actores y pensadores, operadores y promotores del desarrollo rural.Presentación 7; Introducción 8; La Reforma Agraria abandonada: valles y altiplano, Miguel Urioste F. de C. 19; Medio siglo de Reforma Agraria boliviana, Danilo Paz Ballivián 53; La tierra es de quien la trabaja, René Salomón Vargas 65; La Reforma Agraria en las tierras bajas de Bolivia, Carlos Romero Bonifaz 83; Lógicas de ocupación territorial en la agricultura y la forestería empresarial en las tierras bajas, Alan Bojanic 127; Antecedentes, situación actual y recomendaciones en la tenencia de la tierra en el oriente boliviano, Cámara Agropecuaria del Oriente 137; 50 años de la Reforma Agraria en el Chaco boliviano, Oscar Bazoberry Chali 145; Resultados de los cambios introducidos por la Reforma Agraria, Erwin Galoppo von Borries 177; La Reforma Agraria en Bolivia y el MST, Ermelinda Fernández Bamba 191; La Reforma Agraria en América Latina, Jacques Chonchol 205; De rústicas revueltas: Añoranza y utopía en el México rural, Armando Bartra 223; Reforma y contrarreforma agraria en el Perú, Laureano del Castillo Pinto 255; Reforma Agraria en el Ecuador, Fausto Jordán B. 285; 50 años después, emergencia étnica, Xavier Albó 321; Tierra, mujer y desarrollo, María Machaca 329; Tierra y territorio comunitario, Bienvenido Zacu 333; Tierra, migración y colonización, José Luis Méndez Chaurara 341; Tierra, coca y desarrollo, Dionisio Núñez 355; Tierra para todos, Ángel Durán 359; Tierra y producción orgánica, Mario R. Cordero Camacho 367; Tierra y producción campesina, María Julia Jiménez 377; Tierra y Territorio y Políticas para la Tierra, Elizabeth Jiménez Zamora 385; Ideas y aspectos relevantes del Seminario, John D.Vargas Vega 429

Using Soil and Water Conservation Contests for Extension: Experiences from the Bolivian Mountain Valleys

Soil and water conservation (SWC) contests among farmer groups were organized in five rural villages in the Bolivian mountain valleys. The contests were aimed at quickly achieving widespread sustainable results. This article analyzes the effectiveness of these contests as an extension tool. Mixed results were obtained. In three villages, participation rates in the SWC activities introduced in the contests were still high even 2 years after project withdrawal. These were all villages where a solid foundation for sustainable development had been laid before the contests were held. Two years later, most families were still involved in maintenance of the SWC practices introduced in the contests, and many farmers had started to experiment with different soil management practices. However, replications of these SWC practices were not widespread, Conservation Leaders did not continue with their training activities, and the quality of maintenance of the practices was often not satisfactory. In order to become a more effective extension tool and achieve widespread impact, SWC contests must receive continued support by a catalyst agency. Moreover, other SWC contests should also be organized in which practices are not predefined. Given that SWC contests are a low-budget extension tool, local municipalities could become more actively involved

General regularization schemes for signal detection in inverse problems

The authors discuss how general regularization schemes, in particular linear regularization schemes and projection schemes, can be used to design tests for signal detection in statistical inverse problems. It is shown that such tests can attain the minimax separation rates when the regularization parameter is chosen appropriately. It is also shown how to modify these tests in order to obtain (up to a $\log\log$ factor) a test which adapts to the unknown smoothness in the alternative. Moreover, the authors discuss how the so-called \emph{direct} and \emph{indirect} tests are related via interpolation properties

Financial market development, global financial crisis and economic growth : evidence from developing nations

Emerging and frontier markets in Africa have witnessed various economic and financial reforms aimed at integrating the domestic markets into the global financial market to attract investment. Whether these reforms promote high economic growth remains inconclusive. The paper applies the pooled mean group estimation technique to empirically re-investigate the link between financial market development, global financial crisis, and economic growth in selected African economies. The results strongly support our hypotheses that stock market and banking sector development promotes economic growth in the selected countries. Moreover, financial crisis reduce the positive effects of both the stock market and banking sector developments on economic growth. The study suggests that both the banking sector and stock market are important to deliver the long-run economic growth that the African region desired. Moreover, effort should be made to enact policy measures that would ensure development of the stock market which has received inadequate attention.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio