THE STATES OF ERBIUM IN SILICA GLASSES IMPLANTED WITH Er+ IONS

The samples of silica glass were implanted with Er + ions at 100 keV energy and different fluences. The implanted samples were studied by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical spectroscopy. Scanning transmission electron microscopy was used for the study of colloidal particles produced in implanted layers. For the samples implanted with Er+ at low fluencies and 4.2 K a broad EPR line with effective g-factor equal to 7.56 and line width of 150 mT was observed. It was attributed to Er(3+) ions in axially distorted octahedral environment. No EPR spectrum of Er(3+) was found at higher fluences. In optical spectra the absorption bands at 213, 248, 380 and 520 nm were observed at low fluences. The last two bands were attributed to Er(3+) ions. Microphotographs of silica plates implanted with Er+ to high fluences show that almost spherical particles are formed in the substrate after Er implantation. The size of particles and their number increases with increasing fluencies

Sustainable Supply Chain Design in Social at the Macro-Regional Level

Abstract- This work is devoted to the study sustainable supply chain in social enterprises activity at the level of the macro-region. To ensure a comprehensive view, a comparative analysis of foreign and domestic research experience in this area was conducted. Special attention was paid to the practice of assessing the level of business development in the Nordic countries. To select indicators for assessing the level of social entrepreneurship in the region, two groups of criteria were formed: requirements for content parameters describing the state and factors of social entrepreneurship, as well as criteria for instrumental parameters that are designed to provide opportunities for quantitative analysis

Budget optimization modelling for sustainable development of the university research: The example of Russia

Russian universities have undergone many changes in recent years, including increased attention to innovative development and transformation of the main function of universities. In addition to education function, universities now should cooperate with the market and create the infrastructure for the successful development of R&D. One of the main resources for this is financing, but it is often in deficiency. Moreover, sudden economic shocks add instability to the situation. This problem is acute for research projects which often last for several years and react sharply to sudden changes in the key resources. This article proposes an optimization model for the management of universities' own funds to ensure sustainable and predictable R&D funding. The model uses mathematical and machine learning methods. The model is applied to statistical data from Russian universities, as well as to one particular Russian university. © Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd.The main parameter of our interest is Ri– total R&D Funding, which consists of Ci – R&D funding from external sources (industry, federal and others) and Ui – university own funds including Ui*– resources used in current periods and U’i– deferred resources for future periods. The latter forms a state variable Ii – investments. So, deferred resources can grow at β – return on investments rate: Ii+1 = Ii*(1+β) + U’i

Vesicles of double hydrophilic pullulan and poly(acrylamide) block copolymers : a combination of synthetic- and bio-derived blocks

The formation of vesicular structures with average diameters from 200 to 300 nm consisting of double hydrophilic diblock copolymers pullulan-b-poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) (Pull-b-PDMA) and pullulan-b-poly(N-ethylacrylamide) (Pull-b-PEA) in aqueous solution is described. Bio-derived pullulan was depolymerized and functionalized with alkyne endgroups. Furthermore, azide end functionalized acrylamide blocks PDMA and PEA were synthesized via RAFT polymerization. Individual blocks were conjugated via copper catalyzed azide alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) to afford defined double hydrophilic block copolymers. Aqueous solutions of the synthesized block copolymers showed formation of completely hydrophilic vesicles that were observed via various techniques including dynamic light scattering (DLS), static light scattering (SLS), laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM), and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (SEM)

Organization of risk management during implementation investment and innovative projects

The approaches to risk determination, methods of its assessment, standardization parameters of investment activity and its stages have been considered. The key moments in the organization of risk management at the enterprise have been highlighted. The technologies of qualitative and quantitative assessments of the organization of risk management at the enterprise have been identified. The estimation of the fragmentation of risk management in the current market conditions has been conducted. Off rs on implementationn of the most constructive and complex approaches to the organization of risk and management at the enterprise have been given

Approaches to depreciation of investment production

In article some key questions are considered, allowing to solve a problem of investment activity and management of expenses from two interconnected positions - depreciation of investment production and creation of additional conditions for interest of investors in long-term investments. The estimation of the developed investment situation is given, principal causes of decrease in investment activity are revealed. Some ways of decrease in expenses to investitsionno-building sphere of economy are offered

PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF HOUSING CONSTRUCTION

Actual problems of development of housing construction in modern economic conditions are considered in the article. Questions of land tenure and allocation of sites under housing construction, strategy of expenses in this segment, state sale and others has been consistently analyzed. The principles and approaches to the analysis of the housing construction has been defined. The comparative dynamics of functioning of the market of construction real estate has been presented. The attention is paid to possibilities of the private-state partnership and co-investing habitation civil-engineering designs. The issues of distribution of shares between participants in housing construction are considered. Offers under the decision of tasks in view are given

Approaches to depreciation of investment production

In article some key questions are considered, allowing to solve a problem of investment activity and management of expenses from two interconnected positions - depreciation of investment production and creation of additional conditions for interest of investors in long-term investments. The estimation of the developed investment situation is given, principal causes of decrease in investment activity are revealed. Some ways of decrease in expenses to investitsionno-building sphere of economy are offered