Development of the Federal Law of Gambling

The Commission on the Review of the National Policy Toward Gambling, believing that the States should have the primary responsibility for determining what forms of gambling may legally take place within their borders, recently suggested that the federal government should prevent interference by one State with the gambling policies of another, and should act to protect identifiable national interests. Although this broad recommendation reinforces the role the federal government has traditionally played in regulating gambling, the Commission also proposed specific amendments to the cur- rent federal gambling laws. Should Congress act upon the Commission\u27s report or otherwise attempt a comprehensive review of federal gambling policy–such legislation, S. 1437, has already passed the Senate–its members ought to bring to their task a firm grasp of what the federal gambling law is, how that law developed, and what policies underlie it. This Article seeks to shed light on each of these questions

An Analysis of the Myths That Bolster Efforts to Rewrite RICO and the Various Proposals for Reform: Mother of God-Is This the End of RICO?

In 1970 Congress enacted the Organized Crime Control Act, Title IX of which is known as the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO. Congress enacted the 1970 Act to strengthen[]the legal tools in the evidence-gathering process, [to] establish[] new penal prohibitions, and [to] provid[e] enhanced sanctions and new remedies .,, RICO covers violence, the provision of illegal goods and services, corruption in labor or management relations, corruption in government, and commercial fraud. Congress found in 1970 that the sanctions and remedies available to combat these crimes under the law then in force were unnecessarily limited in scope and impact. Consequently, it provided a wide range of new criminal and civil sanctions to control these offenses, including imprisonment, forfeiture, injunctions,and treble damage relief for persons injured in their business or property by violations of the statute.\u27 At the time, the President, the President\u27s Commission on Crime and Administration of Justice, and the American Bar Association called for the private civil remedies of RICO. In response, the Senate passed the Bill seventy-three to one.The House passed an amended Bill three hundred forty-one to twenty-six. The Senate passed the amended House Bill without objection,and the President signed the legislation on October 14, 1970.

An Analysis of the Myths that Bolster Efforts to Rewrite RICO and the Various Proposals for Reform: Mother of God - Is this the End of RICO?

In 1970 Congress enacted the Organized Crime Control Act, Title IX of which is known as the Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act, or RICO. At first, the Department of Justice moved slowly to use RICO in criminal prosecutions. Today, RICO is the prosecutor\u27s tool of choice in organized crime, political corruption, white-collar crime, terrorism, and neo-Nazi and anti-Semitic hate group prosecutions. The Department of Justice also is implementing the civil provisions of the Act. The private bar did not begin to bring civil RICO suits until about 1975. When it did, a firestorm of controversy broke out, and today RICO is endangered from a variety of quarters. The arguments against RICO are fueled by a series of myths that are not supported by a careful analysis of the statute, its legislative history, or the facts. The myths, however, have a debilitating impact on the interpretation and application of the statute. Chiefly, these myths undermine RICO\u27s basic legitimacy. When the statute\u27s legitimacy is undermined, efforts are facilitated to get the judiciary or Congress to rewrite the statute. If these efforts succeed, victims of sophisticated forms of crime everywhere will be harmed. Accordingly, these myths need to be thoroughly examined before any RICO reform goes forward

Lipid droplet detection by the cavity perturbation method

There are currently no point-of-care diagnosis strategies available to indicate the presence of neoplasmic growth. This research aims to develop a novel diagnostic strategy based on detecting TAG accumulation in cells. This element of the research is a preliminary experiment to prove the concept of detecting TAG lipid droplets in YEPD media. It was found that a change in mono-unsaturated concentration can be detected by the frequency shift in a resonant cavity. The dielectric constant of TAG vegetable oils was calculated at 2.34-2.39. It was also found that concentrations of lipid droplet can be differentiated up to 5% (v/v)

Energy consumption and capacity utilization of galvanizing furnaces

An explicit equation leading to a method for improving furnace efficiency is presented. This equation is dimensionless and can be applied to furnaces of any size and fuel type for the purposes of comparison. The implications for current furnace design are discussed. Currently the technique most commonly used to reduce energy consumption in galvanizing furnaces is to increase burner turndown. This is shown by the analysis presented here actually to worsen the thermal efficiency of the furnace, particularly at low levels of capacity utilization. Galvanizing furnaces are different to many furnaces used within industry, as a quantity of material (in this case zinc) is kept molten within the furnace at all times, even outside production periods. The dimensionless analysis can, however, be applied to furnaces with the same operational function as a galvanizing furnace, such as some furnaces utilized within the glass industry. © IMechE 2004