Massage Therapy for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized Dose-Finding Trial

In a previous trial of massage for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee, we demonstrated feasibility, safety and possible efficacy, with benefits that persisted at least 8 weeks beyond treatment termination.We performed a RCT to identify the optimal dose of massage within an 8-week treatment regimen and to further examine durability of response. Participants were 125 adults with OA of the knee, randomized to one of four 8-week regimens of a standardized Swedish massage regimen (30 or 60 min weekly or biweekly) or to a Usual Care control. Outcomes included the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog pain scale, range of motion, and time to walk 50 feet, assessed at baseline, 8-, 16-, and 24-weeks.WOMAC Global scores improved significantly (24.0 points, 95% CI ranged from 15.3-32.7) in the 60-minute massage groups compared to Usual Care (6.3 points, 95% CI 0.1-12.8) at the primary endpoint of 8-weeks. WOMAC subscales of pain and functionality, as well as the visual analog pain scale also demonstrated significant improvements in the 60-minute doses compared to usual care. No significant differences were seen in range of motion at 8-weeks, and no significant effects were seen in any outcome measure at 24-weeks compared to usual care. A dose-response curve based on WOMAC Global scores shows increasing effect with greater total time of massage, but with a plateau at the 60-minute/week dose.Given the superior convenience of a once-weekly protocol, cost savings, and consistency with a typical real-world massage protocol, the 60-minute once weekly dose was determined to be optimal, establishing a standard for future trials.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00970008

"I couldn't do this with opposition from my colleagues": A qualitative study of physicians' experiences as clinical tutors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Clinical contact in the early curriculum and workplace learning with active tutorship are important parts of modern medical education. In a previously published study, we found that medical students' tutors experienced a heavier workload, less reasonable demands and less encouragement, than students. The aim of this interview study was to further illuminate physicians' experiences as clinical tutors.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twelve tutors in the Early Professional Contact course were interviewed. In the explorative interviews, they were asked to reflect upon their experiences of working as tutors in this course. Systematic text condensation was used as the analysis method.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>In the analysis, five main themes of physicians' experiences as clinical tutors in the medical education emerged: <it>(a) Pleasure and stimulation</it>. Informants appreciated tutorship and meeting both students and fellow tutors, <it>(b) Disappointment and stagnation</it>. Occasionally, tutors were frustrated and expressed negative feelings, <it>(c) Demands and duty</it>. Informants articulated an ambition to give students their best; a desire to provide better medical education but also a duty to meet demands of the course management, <it>(d) Impact of workplace relations</it>. Tutoring was made easier when the clinic's management provided active support and colleagues accepted students at the clinic, and <it>(e) Multitasking difficulties</it>. Combining several duties with those of a tutorship was often reported as difficult.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>It is important that tutors' tasks are given adequate time, support and preparation. Accordingly, it appears highly important to avoid multitasking and too heavy a workload among tutors in order to facilitate tutoring. A crucial factor is acceptance and active organizational support from the clinic's management. This implies that tutoring by workplace learning in medical education should play an integrated and accepted role in the healthcare system.</p

The effect of massage on cellular immunity, endocrine and psychological factors in women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of repeated effleurage massage treatments compared with a visit control group on circulating lymphocytes by studying the number and activity of peripheral blood NK cells, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in women with breast cancer. Furthermore, the effect of repeated effleurage massage treatments on the levels of cortisol in saliva and oxytocin in plasma as well as degree anxiety, depression and quality of life was studied.\ud \ud Design: A single centre, prospective, randomized, controlled trial.\ud \ud Settings/location: The study was conducted in a radiation department, in a hospital in south-western Sweden.\ud \ud Subjects: Twenty-two women (mean age=62) with breast cancer undergoing radiation were included in this study.\ud \ud Interventions: The patients were randomly assigned to effleurage massage therapy (20 min of effleurage on ten occasions) or to control visits (ten 20-minute visits).\ud \ud Outcome measures: Blood samples were collected before the first and last massage/control visit for analysis of peripheral blood NK, T cells and oxytocin. Saliva was analysed for cortisol. In addition, the patients completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Life Satisfaction Questionnaire and Spielbergers State Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to the first and last massage/control visit.\ud \ud Results: Effleurage massage treatment had no significant effect on the number, frequencies or activation state of NK cells or CD4+ or CD8+ T cells. Furthermore, no significant changes between groups were detected on cortisol and oxytocin concentrations, anxiety, depression or quality of life.\ud \ud Conclusions: Significant effect of effleurage massage on cellular immunity, cortisol, oxytocin, anxiety, depression or quality of life could not be demonstrated in this study. Several possible explanations to the results of this study are discussed

The effect of massage on immune function and stress in women with breast cancer: a randomized controlled trial

Objectives: To examine the short-term effects of light pressure effleurage on circulating lymphocytes by studying the number and activity of peripheral blood natural killer (NK) cells in patients with breast cancer compared to a control group. Furthermore, the effect of light pressure effleurage on salivary cortisol levels, heart rate and blood pressure was studied. Design: Single centre, prospective, randomized and controlled study. Methods: Thirty women, aged 50 to 75 years (mean 61 sd = 7.2) with breast cancer undergoing radiation therapy in a hospital in southwestern Sweden were enrolled in the study. They were allocated to either receive massage in the form of a full-body light pressure effleurage treatment, or a control visit where they were given an equal amount of attention. Blood samples, saliva, notation of heart rate and blood pressure were collected before and after massage/control visit. Differences in change over time between groups were analyzed by Student's t-test Results: Light pressure effleurage massage decreased the deterioration of NK cell activity occurring during radiation therapy. Furthermore it lowered heart rate and systolic blood pressure. No effects were demonstrated on cortisol and diastolic pressure. Conclusions: A single full-body light pressure effleurage massage has a short-term effect on NK cell activity, systolic blood pressure and heart rate in patients with breast cancer. However, the long-term clinical importance of these findings needs to be further investigated. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Patients' preconceptions of acupuncture: a qualitative study exploring the decisions patients make when seeking acupuncture

Background: Like any other form of healthcare, acupuncture takes place in a particular context which can enhance or diminish treatment outcomes (i.e. can produce contextual effects). Patients’ expectations of acupuncture might be an important component of contextual effects, but we know relatively little about the origins and nature of patients’ expectations or wider preconceptions about acupuncture. Our aim was to identify the processes the underpin patients’ decisions to try acupuncture and thus begin to tease out the origins and nature of patients’ preconceptions.Methods: One-off semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive, varied sample of 35 adults who had tried acupuncture for various conditions. Interviews explored people’s experiences of acupuncture treatment and techniques from framework and inductive thematic analysis were used to relate the data to the research question.Results: We identified four distinct processes within participants’ accounts of deciding to try acupuncture: establishing a need for treatment, establishing a need for a new treatment, deciding to try acupuncture, and finding an acupuncturist. Family, friends and health care professionals played a role in these processes, providing support, advice, and increasing people’s general familiarity with acupuncture. When they came to their first acupuncture appointment, participants had hopes, concerns, and occasionally concrete expectations as to the nature of acupuncture treatment and its likely effects.Conclusions: Existing theories of how context influences health outcomes could be expanded to better reflect the psychological components identified here, such as hope, desire, optimism and open-mindedness. Future research on the context of acupuncture should consider these elements of the pre-treatment context in addition to more established components such as expectations. There appears to be a need for accessible (i.e. well-disseminated), credible, and individualised, patient-centred materials that can allay people’s concerns about the nature of acupuncture treatment and shape realistic hopes and expectations

Stressors in Breast Cancer Post-Treatment: a Qualitative Approach Factores estresantes del post-tratamiento del cáncer de mama: un enfoque cualitativo Estressores pós-tratamento do câncer de mama: um enfoque qualitativo

With the increasing effectiveness of breast cancer treatment, the scientific interest in investigating the quality of life of survivors has increased. However, research addressing the post-treatment period is still scarce. The aim of this study was to identify the stressors present in the lives of women in the one to five years post-diagnosis period. The sample was composed of 16 women assisted at a specialized mastectomy rehabilitation service. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using content analysis. The results indicate conflicts with self-image and alteration in the feeling of autonomy, fear in relation to the evolution of the condition, feelings of guilt about the disorder generated in the family, experience of disturbing social situations and a desire to return to their professional occupation. These results reveal the existence of stressors in this phase and the importance of support offered by psychosocial rehabilitation services for this population.<br>Con la creciente resolutividad del tratamiento del cáncer de mama, ha aumentado el interés científico por la investigación de la calidad de vida de las sobrevivientes. Sin embargo, todavía son escasas las investigaciones que abordan el período post-tratamiento. Este estudio tuvo por objetivo identificar los factores estresantes presentes en la vida de mujeres en el período de uno a cinco años post-diagnóstico. Fueron investigadas 16 mujeres atendidas en un servicio especializado en rehabilitación de mastectomizadas. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante entrevista semiestructurada y analizados por medio del análisis de contenido. Los resultados indicaron conflictos con la autoimagen, alteración en la sensación de autosuficiencia, miedo en relación a la evolución del cuadro, sentimiento de culpa por el trastorno generado en la familia, vivencia de situaciones sociales perturbadoras y, deseo de retornar a la ocupación profesional. Esos resultados refuerzan la comprobación de la existencia de factores estresantes en esta fase y la importancia del apoyo ofrecido por los servicios de rehabilitación psicosocial junto a esa población.<br>Com a crescente resolutividade do tratamento do câncer de mama, tem aumentado o interesse científico pela investigação da qualidade de vida das sobreviventes. No entanto, ainda são escassas as pesquisas que abordam o período pós-tratamento. Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar os estressores presentes na vida de mulheres, no período de um a cinco anos pós-diagnóstico. Foram investigadas 16 mulheres, atendidas em um serviço especializado em reabilitação de mastectomizadas. Os dados foram coletados mediante entrevista semiestruturada e analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo. Os resultados indicaram conflitos com a autoimagem e alteração na sensação de autossuficiência, medo em relação à evolução do quadro, sentimento de culpa pelo transtorno gerado na família, vivência de situações sociais perturbadoras e desejo de retornar à ocupação profissional. Esses resultados reforçam a existência de estressores nessa fase e a importância do apoio oferecido pelos serviços de reabilitação psicossocial, junto a essa população