Iso-array rewriting P systems with context-free iso-array rules

A new computing model called P system is a highly distributed and parallel theoretical model, which is proposed in the area of membrane computing. Ceterchi et al. initially proposed array rewriting P systems by extending the notion of string rewriting P systems to arrays (2003). A theoretical model for picture generation using context-free iso-array grammar rules and puzzle iso-array grammar rules are introduced by Kalyani et al. (2004, 2006). Also iso-array rewriting P systems for iso-picture languages have been studied by Annadurai et al. (2008). In this paper we consider the context-free iso-array rules and context-free puzzle iso-array rules in iso-array rewriting P systems and examine the generative powers of these P systems

STEROID-INDUCED ANAPHYLAXIS

  To report a severe adverse drug reaction (ADR) due to administration of injection hydrocortisone sodium succinate and to explore the possibility of an association between injection hydrocortisone and the severe ADR. After getting ethics approval from the institution, ADR form and patient's clinical record from the Department of Cardiology, in a Private Medical College was received. In that, it was recorded as a 75-year-old male patient, a case of unstable angina with troponin T - positive, was posted for coronary angiogram developed a severe reaction to intravenous (IV) hydrocortisone 100 mg stat, given to prevent allergy to contrast dye used in the procedure. 5 minutes after drug administration, he developed sudden itching all over the body, hypotension blood pressure: 60 mmHg and swelling of lips. No other drugs had been given at that time. The patient was already on aspirin 150 mg, clopidogrel 75 mg, and atorvastatin 80 mg, and enoxaparin 40 mg. The procedure was abandoned, and the patient was given injection pheniramine maleate 45.5 mg IV, injection dopamine 10 mcg/kg/min IV. He symptomatically improved within 6 hrs. Causality analysis using the WHO scale categorizes it as probable, as anaphylaxis occurred immediately after administration of hydrocortisone, no other drugs were given at that time, and rechallenge was not done. Very few cases of various steroid-induced anaphylaxis have been reported worldwide. This one among the rare ADR report may be due to the steroid or the excipients in the preparation. Skin prick test or in vitro (radioallergosorbent test assay) test can be done immediately to confirm the causative allergen in this case and would also help in identifying specific agents that will be tolerated in the future treatment

Knowledge, awareness and attitude towards rational use of medicines by community pharmacists in and around Coimbatore, India

Background: Achievement of goals of rational use of medicine (RUM) in the community is not possible without participation of community pharmacists. Pharmacists must know that they are the main tool to educate and spread information on rational use of medicine in the community. This background enabled this study to observe the knowledge, awareness and attitude of the community pharmacists towards the rational use of medicine. Aim and Objectives were to assess the knowledge and awareness among community pharmacists about rational drug use in and around Coimbatore.Methods: It was a cross sectional observational study using a preformed questionnaire. Study participants were 215 Community Pharmacists (those are registered pharmacist running standalone pharmacy stores not affiliating to any institutions /hospitals/not a part of a large chain of stores) inside (115 Pharmacist) and around (100 Pharmacist) Coimbatore city. Questionnaire was given to them and results were analyzed and expressed in percentage at the end of the study.Results: Comparing the awareness about RUM in the community pharmacists in and around Coimbatore was found with the results which was almost equal or less in terms of dispensing medicines without prescription, issuing medicines to outdated prescription, educating the public about ADR etc.Conclusions: This study ensure the need of the community pharmacist participation for the development of a clear educational policy on promoting rational use of medicine involving all segments of health care system to ensure the community benefit and safety

A study to assess the effectiveness of fenugreek consumption on lactation among postnatal mothers admitted at the institute of obstetrics and gynaecology and hospital for women and children, Chennai

Breast feeding is an essential for survival, physical growth, mental development, performance, productivity, health and well-being across the entire life-span to human beings. Need for study: Breastfeeding is both a national and state public health priority, breastfeeding is also economical due to the reduced healthcare costs (due to less illness) and saved time and wages lost while attending an ill child. Objectives: To assess the level of maternal perception on breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers in the control and experimental group. To assess the level of maternal perception on breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers in experimental group after fenugreek consumption. To assess the effectiveness of fenugreek on maternal perception on breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers by comparing the control and experimental group. To find out the association between the levels of maternal perception on breast milk secretion among postnatal mothers with selected variable in the control and experimental group

Effect of Different Packages on Quality and Extension of Shelf-Life in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L. Mill.)

Tomato hybrid NS-2535 at the turning stage was packed in three different packages, namely, Corrugated Fibre Board (CFB) boxes of size 400 x 300 x 150mm, plastic crates (400 x 300 x 150mm) and polyethylene bag of size 300 x 450mm. Samples were stored at ambient conditions (Temperature: 28-30°C, RH: 55-62%). The samples were analyzed for weight loss (%), spoilage (%), biochemical qualities and shelf-life during storage. Fruits had a shelf-life of 11 days in all the packages. At the end of the storage period, tomato packed in CFB boxes and plastic crates showed less spoilage (8.7%-7.65%) and lower weight loss (5.02-5.48%). Biochemical analysis showed that lycopene (2.282 and 2.414 mg/100g, respectively), carotenoids (6.46 and 5.26 mg/100g, respectively) and ascorbic acid content (28.83 and 31.14mg/100g, respectively) were higher in tomato packed in CFB boxes and plastic crates compared to those packed in polyethylene bag. Samples packed in CFB boxes had a higher content of total sugars (2.54%) than those in other packages. From our studies it was found that storage life of tomato (hyb. NS-2535) packed in CFB boxes and plastic crates could be extended upto 11 days at ambient conditions, with less spoilage, lower weight loss and greater retention of ascorbic acid, lycopene and total sugar content

Effect of Terminalia chebula fruit extract on lipid peroxidation and antioxidative system of testis of albino rats

The effect of aqueous extract of the Terminalia chebula was studied in male albino rats to explore its activities on testis. 1.0 ml of aqueous extract of T. chebula (500 mg/kg body weight) was given orally for 45 days. The activity of lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase were significantly increased but the concentration of antioxidant enzyme glutathione, and catalase were decreased in the aqueous extract administered rats rather than in control rats. Significant decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, spermatogenesis and increase in the level of lipid peroxidation, indicate the severity of oxidative stress induced as a result of administration of extract of T. chebula. The aqueous extract also lead to changes in the parameters such as sperm count, motility and morphology, protein and cholesterol content of the rat testis. The long term (45 days) administration of the extract causes significant changes in the rat testis

Low Power Fir Filter Design Using Truncated Multiplier

Abstract---In this paper Low-cost finite impulse response(FIR) design are presented using the concept of faithfully rounded truncated multipliers. We jointly consider the effective of bit width and hardware resources without sacrificing the frequency response and output signal accuracy. Non-uniform coefficient quantization with proper filter order to minimize the cost of total area. Multiple constant multiplication/accumulation in a pipelined direct FIR structure is implemented using an improved version of truncated multipliers. Comparisons with previous FIR filter design approaches show that the proposed design achieve the best area and power results. Index Terms-Digital signal processing (DSP), faithful rounding, truncated multipliers, FIR filter design