Surgical technique for arthroscopic onlay suprapectoral biceps tenodesis with an all-suture anchor.

The long head of the biceps is a frequent pain generator in the shoulder. Tendinopathy of the long head of the biceps may be treated with biceps tenodesis. There has been great debate about the optimal technique for biceps tenodesis, without a clear distinction between different techniques. Biceps tenodesis fixation may include interference fixation, suspensory fixation, all-suture anchors, and soft tissue fixation. In this technical note, we describe an all-arthroscopic onlay suprapectoral biceps tenodesis with an all-suture anchor

Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization With Incorporation of a Comminuted Bony Bankart Lesion.

Bony Bankart lesions are a common finding in patients with anterior glenohumeral dislocation. Although there are no defined guidelines, small bony Bankart fractures are typically treated arthroscopically with suture anchors. The 2 main techniques used are double- and single-row suture anchor stabilization, with debate over superiority. Biomechanical studies have shown improved reduction and stabilization with the double-row over the single-row suture anchor technique; however, this has not been reported for small or comminuted bony fragments. Both techniques have shown promising preliminary clinical outcomes. In this Technical Note, we describe our preferred technique for arthroscopic instability repair using a single-row all-suture anchor method with the incorporation of a comminuted bony Bankart fragment in the lateral decubitus position

The Chiral Condensate in a Finite Volume

Chiral perturbation theory at finite four-volume V (=L^3T) is reconsidered with a view towards finding a computational scheme that can deal with any value of M_\pi L, where M_\pi is a generic Nambu-Goldstone mass. The momentum zero modes that cause the usual p-expansion to fail in the chiral limit are treated separately, and partly integrated out to all orders. In this way the theory remains infrared finite in the perturbative expansion, and the chiral limit can be considered at finite volume. We illustrate the technique by computing the quark condensate in a finite volume, smoothly connecting standard results in the p-regime for larger masses with those of the epsilon-regime for smaller masses. From the partially quenched theory we also obtain the spectral density of the Dirac operator, a smooth function from the microscopic region to the bulk region of the p-regime.Comment: 33 pages, 10 figures, corrections in (4.7), (6.5), (6.8), additional comment on (3.16

Dust Measurements Around the Moon and Across the Solar System

Dust grains are a key source of impact bombardment which is a critical component of space weathering, a ubiquitous process occurring on all airless bodies in the solar system governing how the surfaces of airless bodies are physically and chemically altered over time. Additionally, these dust grains interact with a broad range of celestial bodies within our solar system resulting in changes to their size distribution and trajectories. Thus characterizing the dynamics and distribution of dust provides key insight into the evolution of our solar system and airless bodies in particular. When impacting solid surfaces, secondary dust ejecta can be produced. These ejecta, following ballistic trajectories, form an exosphere observable to in situ instruments such as the Lunar Dust Experiment (LDEX) aboard the Lunar Dust and Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft. The primary dust grains can also be observed directly through in situ instruments such as the Venetia Burney Student Dust Counter (SDC) aboard the New Horizons spacecraft which to date has produced measurements up to 50 AU.In this thesis, we will constrain the meteoroid environment at 1 AU using a forward modeling approach fitted to LDEX data. First, we expand a prior 2D plume simulation to 3D with additional considerations to derive impact ejecta cone angles relevant for the altitudes observed by LDEX. From these results, we construct a global lunar ejecta model fitted to LDEX observations to produce the product of impactor mass flux and mass yields for each of the primary sporadic background sources: helion, anti-helion, and apex. The potential for additional sources such as beta-meteoroids is also explored. From this we consider the integrated current signal measurements from LDEX presumably produced from smaller ejecta dust grains. The potential for energetic neutral atoms (ENAs) produced from backscattered solar wind is discussed along with the apparent lack of small ejecta on the lunar night-side. Additionally, we implement a simply trajectory tracing model of the solar wind to determine if there exists significant electrostatic lofting enhancement from twilight craters. From this, we find no evidence for such an enhancement. Finally, updated meteoroid flux and densities are reported for several grain size cutoffs using recent SDC measurements under updated methodology.</p

B-physics with Nf=2N_f=2 Wilson fermions

We report the final results of the ALPHA collaboration for some B-physics observables: $f_B$, $f_{B_s}$ and $m_b$. We employ CLS configurations with 2 flavors of $O(a)$ improved Wilson fermions in the sea and pion masses ranging down to 190 MeV. The b-quark is treated in HQET to order $1/m_b$. The renormalization, the matching and the improvement were performed non-perturbatively, and three lattice spacings reaching $a=0.048$ fm are used in the continuum extrapolation

Decay constants of B-mesons from non-perturbative HQET with two light dynamical quarks

We present a computation of B-meson decay constants from lattice QCD simulations within the framework of Heavy Quark Effective Theory for the b-quark. The next-to-leading order corrections in the HQET expansion are included non-perturbatively. Based on Nf=2 gauge field ensembles, covering three lattice spacings a (0.08-0.05)fm and pion masses down to 190MeV, a variational method for extracting hadronic matrix elements is used to keep systematic errors under control. In addition we perform a careful autocorrelation analysis in the extrapolation to the continuum and to the physical pion mass limits. Our final results read fB=186(13)MeV, fBs=224(14)MeV and fBs/fB=1.203(65). A comparison with other results in the literature does not reveal a dependence on the number of dynamical quarks, and effects from truncating HQET appear to be negligible.Comment: 16 pages including figures and table

Development of a dual-wavelength thermo-optical transmittance analyser: characterization and first results

Carbonaceous aerosol (CA) plays an important role in many different issues ranging from human health to global climate change. It mainly consists of organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) although a minor fraction of carbonate carbon could be also present. Thermal-optical methods (TOT/TOR) are presently the most widespread approach to OC/EC speciation. Despite their popularity, there is still a disagreement among the results, especially for what concerns EC as different thermal protocols can be used. In fact, the pyrolysis occurring during the analysis can heavily affect OC/EC separation, depending on PM composition in addition to the used protocol. The main hypothesis at the basis of the technique relies on the optical properties of EC and OC: while EC is strongly light absorbing, OC is generally transparent in the visible range. However, a fraction of light-absorbing OC exists: the Brown Carbon (BrC) (Andreae and Gelencs\ue9r, 2006). The presence in the sample of BrC can shift the split point since it is slightly absorbing also @ 635nm, the typical laser wavelength used in this technique (Chen et al., 2015). At the Physics Department of the University of Genoa, a Sunset EC/OC analyser unit has been modified in order to monitor the optical transmittance during the thermo-optical analysis at two different wavelengths: 635 nm (the original wavelength of the instrument) and 405 nm (Fig.1). The additional use of the 405 nm transmittance measurement provides valuable information about the composition of the sample as well as on the pyrolytic carbon formation, both able to affect the instrumental \u201csplit point\u201d (i.e. the moment of the analysis in which the laser transmittance is back to its starting value, thus defining EC/OC separation). We present here the new instrument set-up, providing its full characterization with \u201csynthetic\u201d samples (i.e. mixtures of sucrose, graphitic carbon, and pure scattering particles). Moreover, we show also the results obtained analysing at 2-\uf06c - with both NIOSH and EUSAAR_2 protocols - real PM samples collected in very different conditions (i.e. summer-winter) and sites (ranging from urban to rural/mountain). Furthermore, we have recently introduced a new possibility, based on the apportionment of the absorption coefficient (babs) of particle-loaded filters, for correcting the thermo-optical analysis of PM samples (Massab\uf2 et al, 2016), an example in Fig.2. The apportionment is based on the optical analysis performed by the Multi-Wavelength Absorbance Analyser (MWAA), an instrument developed at the Physics Department of the University of Genoa (Massab\uf2 et al., 2015). The apportionment method uses the information gathered at five different wavelengths in a renewed and upgraded version of the approach usually referred to as Aethalometer model (Sandradewi et al., 2008). We present here also the results of the thermo-optical analysis correction (Massab\uf2 et al., 2016) applied to the dual-\uf06c analysis, which lead to a better homogeneity between the results obtained with different thermal protocols

The b-quark mass from non-perturbative Nf=2N_f=2 Heavy Quark Effective Theory at O(1/mh)O(1/m_h)

We report our final estimate of the b-quark mass from $N_f=2$ lattice QCD simulations using Heavy Quark Effective Theory non-perturbatively matched to QCD at $O(1/m_h)$. Treating systematic and statistical errors in a conservative manner, we obtain $\overline{m}_{\rm b}^{\overline{\rm MS}}(2 {\rm GeV})=4.88(15)$ GeV after an extrapolation to the physical point.Comment: 15 pages including figures and tables; as published in Phys.Lett.B / typo in table 4 corrected / footnote 1 expande