Jewellery Headdress Finials as Signs of the Rank Hierarchy of the Trans-Baikal Buryats in the Second Half of the 19th — Еarly 20th Century

In the 17th century, the first fragmentary information about the clothing of the Buryats appeared in the reports of service men and pioneer Cossacks; in the 18th-19th centuries, more detailed descriptions of clothing were found in the diaries of travellers, diplomats, and scientists. The social and property differentiation of Buryat society in the traditional clothing of the people was established with the introduction by the tsarist authorities of the provisions “On official insignia and clothing of commanding and honourable people” recorded in the “Rules established by the Selenga and Khorin main and honorary spiritual secular authorities in 1841”. The design of the headdress and its denze finial with a jinchi ball was one of the most important distinguishing marks of the table of ranks for civil and military ranks. The purpose of the study is to analyse the specifics of the decor of headdress finials as signs of the rank hierarchy of the Trans-Baikal Buryats in the second half of the 19th — early 20th century. Jinchi finials were made of coral, lazurite, shells, and turquoise; the use of materials and techniques for denze finials also varied. The author’s research tasks also include identifying the symbolism of the denze form and ornamental motifs, male and female decor options. With regard to the origins of the regulated Buryat costume, the author considers the Qing official headdresses with a ding top and round zhu beads, which differed depending on the official’s status. It is important to mention the Mongolian analogues of headdresses during the period of Manchurian rule, to note their similarity and difference from the Buryat ones. Pictorial sources from the collections of Russian museums presented the material for this research

Colle ction of 19th–20th-Centuries Tinderboxes from the National Museum of the Republic of Buryatia

Поступила в редакцию: 27.02.2023. Принята к печати: 06.04.2023.Submitted: 27.02.2023. Accepted: 06.04.2023.Статья посвящена изучению коллекции огнив XIX–XX вв. из Национального музея Республики Бурятия, в частности, из фондов Музея истории Бурятии им. М. Н. Хангалова и Бурятского художественного музея им. Ц. С. Сампилова. Бурятское огниво не являлось предметом специального изучения, исследовалось в контексте изысканий по истории традиционной культуры и национального костюма в ряде трудов по истории, этнографии, культурологии XX — начала XXI в.: Б. Э. Петри, П. П. Хороших, Н. В. Кочешкова, А. А. Бадмаева, Р. Д. Бадмаевой, В. А. Банаевой. В искусствоведении фрагментарные описания были даны в работах И. И. Соктоевой, А. В. Тумахани. В задачи данной статьи входит рассмотрение предметов по форме, технологии, декорированию определенными мотивами в рамках досоветского, советского и постсоветского периодов. В исследовании были применены следующие методы: иконографический, иконологический, сравнительно-сопоставительный. Согласно типологии тюрко-монгольских огнив была проведена атрибуция предметов предбайкальских и забайкальских бурят, также некоторых локальных этногрупп, выявлены художественные особенности творчества мастеров. В заключении подведены итоги исследования. Бесспорна вариативная уникальность коллекции огнив конца XIX — начала XX в. из Музея истории Бурятии. Авторские изделия, созданные потомственными ювелирами XX в., из фондов Бурятского художественного музея им. Ц. С. Сампилова демонстрируют сохранение традиций и внедрение новаций. Предмет представлен как неотъемлемая часть ряда великолепных гарнитуров, предназначенных для праздничных национальных костюмов и музейного экспонирования.This article studies the collection of tinderboxes from the nineteenth to twentieth centuries from the National Museum of the Republic of Buryatia, more particularly, the funds of the M. N. Khangalov Museum of Buryatia History and Ts. S. Sampilov Art Museum. The Buryat flint has not been a subject of specialized research previously. It was studied in the context of research on the history of traditional culture and national costume in several works on history, ethnography, cultural studies of the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries by B. E. Petri, P. P. Khoroshikh, N. V. Kocheshkov, A. A. Badmaev, R. D. Badmaeva, and V. A. Banaeva. In art criticism, separate descriptions were given in the works of I. I. Soktoeva and A. V. Tumakhani. The authors employ the iconographic, iconological, and comparative methods and aim to consider the art objects in terms of form, technology, decoration with certain motifs within the framework of the pre-Soviet, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods. The attribution of the objects from the Pre-Baikal and Transbaikal Buryats, as well as those of some local ethnic groups, follows the typology of the Turkic-Mongolian tinderboxes. The analysis reveals the artistic features of the craftsmen’s work. The conclusion of the article contains the results of the study. The variative uniqueness of the collection of tinderboxes of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries from the M. N. Khangalov Museum of Buryatia History is undeniable. The unique products from the funds of the Ts. S. Sampilov Art Museum created by hereditary jewelers of the twentieth century demonstrate the preservation of traditions and the introduction of innovations. The item is presented as an integral part of a series of magnificent sets intended for festive national costumes and museum display

Replacement therapy for bleeding episodes in factor VII deficiency: A prospective evaluation

Patients with inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency display different clinical phenotypes requiring ad hoc management. This study evaluated treatments for spontaneous and traumatic bleeding using data from the Seven Treatment Evaluation Registry (STER). One-hundred one bleeds were analysed in 75 patients (41 females; FVII coagulant activity <1-20%). Bleeds were grouped as haemarthroses (n=30), muscle/subcutaneous haematomas (n=16), epistaxis (n=12), gum bleeding (n=13), menorrhagia (n=16), central nervous system (CNS; n=9), gastrointestinal (GI; n=2) and other (n=3). Of 93 evaluable episodes, 76 were treated with recombinant, activated FVII (rFVIIa), eight with fresh frozen plasma (FFP), seven with plasma-derived FVII (pdFVII) and two with prothrombin-complex concentrates. One-day replacement therapy resulted in very favourable outcomes in haemarthroses, and was successful in muscle/subcutaneous haematomas, epistaxis and gum bleeding. For menorrhagia, single- or multiple-dose schedules led to favourable outcomes. No thrombosis occurred; two inhibitors were detected in two repeatedly treated patients (one post-rFVIIa, one post-pdFVII). In FVII deficiency, most bleeds were successfully treated with single 'intermediate' doses (median 60 µg/kg) of rFVIIa. For the most severe bleeds (CNS, GI) short- or long-term prophylaxis may be optimalPatients with inherited factor VII (FVII) deficiency display different clinical phenotypes requiring ad hoc management. This study evaluated treatments for spontaneous and traumatic bleeding using data from the Seven Treatment Evaluation Registry (STER). One-hundred one bleeds were analysed in 75 patients (41 females; FVII coagulant activity <1-20%). Bleeds were grouped as haemarthroses (n=30), muscle/subcutaneous haematomas (n=16), epistaxis (n=12), gum bleeding (n=13), menorrhagia (n=16), central nervous system (CNS; n=9), gastrointestinal (GI; n=2) and other (n=3). Of 93 evaluable episodes, 76 were treated with recombinant, activated FVII (rFVIIa), eight with fresh frozen plasma (FFP), seven with plasma-derived FVII (pdFVII) and two with prothrombin-complex concentrates. One-day replacement therapy resulted in very favourable outcomes in haemarthroses, and was successful in muscle/subcutaneous haematomas, epistaxis and gum bleeding. For menorrhagia, single- or multiple-dose schedules led to favourable outcomes. No thrombosis occurred; two inhibitors were detected in two repeatedly treated patients (one postrFVIIa, one post-pdFVII). In FVII deficiency, most bleeds were successfully treated with single 'intermediate' doses (median 60 μg/kg) of rFVIIa. For the most severe bleeds (CNS, GI) short- or long-term prophylaxis may be optimal. © Schattauer 2013

УГНЕТЕНИЕ ПРОТИВООПУХОЛЕВОЙ ЦИТОТОКСИЧЕСКОЙ АКТИВНОСТИ ДЕНДРИТНЫХ КЛЕТОК У БОЛЬНЫХ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫМИ ЛИМФОМАМИ, ОБУСЛОВЛЕННОЕ ИЗМЕНЕННОЙ ЭКСПРЕССИЕЙ ФАКТОРА НЕКРОЗА ОПУХОЛИ АЛЬФА

Recent research revealed dendritic cells (DCs) to have direct antitumor cytotoxic activity and to inhibit the growth and proliferation of tumor cells in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between the cytotoxic activity of dendritic cells generated in the presence of interferon alpha (IFN-DCs) and TNFα expression by IFN-DCs in patients with malignant lymphomas. It was shown that IFN-DCs of malignant lymphoma patients possessed low cytotoxic activity against tumor cell line HEp-2 associated with low expression of transmembrane TNFα (tmTNFα) and high level of soluble TNFα (sTNFα) secretion. Reduced DC cytotoxic activity and low tmTNFα expression on DC surface were observed mainly in Hodgkin’s lymphoma patients. In contrast, IFN-DCs of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma were endowed with the ability to lysis of HEp-2 cells and tmTNFα molecule expression was similar to that in IFN-DCs from healthy donors. It was determined that the increase of expression of tmTNFα molecule on lymphoma patient IFN-DCs induced by the addition of TNFα-converting enzyme inhibitor into IFN-DC cultures was associated with the enhancement of IFN-DC cytotoxic activity against HEp-2 cells. Исследования последних лет демонстрируют, что дендритные клетки (ДК) обладают прямой противоопухолевой цитотоксической активностью и способны подавлять рост и пролиферацию опухолевых клеток. Целью настоящей работы явилось исследование взаимосвязи между цитотоксической активностью генерируемых в присутствии IFNα дендритных клеток (ИФН-ДК) и экспрессией дендритными клетками TNFα у больных злокачественными лимфомами. Показано, что ИФН-ДК больных злокачественными лимфомами обладают слабой цитотоксической активностью против опухолевых клеток НЕр-2, что ассоциируется с низкой экспрессией траснмембранной формы tmTNFα (tmTNFα) и высоким уровнем продукции растворимой формы TNFα (sTNFα). Установлено, что угнетение цитотоксической активности ДК и низкая экспрессия tmTNFα в культурах ИФН-ДК характерны в большей степени для лимфом Ходжкина. При этом ИФН-ДК больных неходжкинскими лимофомами обладают сохранной цитотоксичностью против клеток НЕр-2, а экспрессия tmTNFα на ДК сопоставима с аналогичным показателем в культурах ИФН-ДК здоровых доноров. Установлено, что увеличение экспрессии tmTNFα в культурах IFN-ДК исследуемых больных, индуцированное добавлением на этапе конечного созревания ДК ингибитора TNFα-конвертирующего фермента, ассоциируется с усилением цитотоксической активности ИФН-ДК против клеток НЕр-2

Special lectures in haemophilia management

During the last two decades major advances have been achieved in the management of haemophilia. Modern approaches aimed at preventing the recurrent bleedings and their sequelae have been widely adopted. Major challenges of intensive treatment regimens employed today, such a short half life of haemophilia therapeutics with a need for frequent injections and the risk of inhibitor, encourage further development towards the production of factor concentrates with prolonged efficacy and reduced immunogenicity. Intensive research work on gene therapy aimed at ultimate cure of haemophilia by the restoration of missing factor FVIII (FVIII) and factor IX (FIX) production is ongoing. The current issues of gene therapy and mechanisms, modifying the host immune response to the FVIII and FIX transgene material and the coagulation factors expressed are the topic of the Arosenius lecture by Katherine High. Despite an extensive research on mechanisms leading to inhibitor development, the real reason of these serious complications of haemophilia therapy still remains unclear. Alessandro Gringeri will discuss the immunogenicity of plasma derived FVIII (pd FVIII) and recombinant FVIII (rFVIII) concentrates as one of potential, treatment related, and probably 'modifiable' risk factors for inhibitor development. The SIPPET study--a new prospective, randomised study aimed to reveal real incidence of inhibitors in patients treated with either pdFVIII or rFVIII will be presente

Female Jewelry of the Mongolian People in the Collection of the V. A. Obruchev Kyakhta Local Museum

Поступила в редакцию: 06.10.2021. Принята к печати: 17.03.2022.Submitted: 06.10.2021. Accepted: 17.03.2022.Статья посвящена изучению коллекции женских украшений в Кяхтинском краеведческом музее, насчитывающей около ста пятидесяти предметов. Первоначальный период комплектования был связан с деятельностью Русского географического общества в начале XX в. и продолжен в советское время, когда фонд существенно пополнился предметами из различных районов Бурятии. Согласно музейным документам, большая часть вещей не атрибутирована, состоит из разрозненных предметов или их отдельных элементов, нуждается в проведении научно-исследовательских работ и технической экспертизы. Для введения музейных предметов в научный оборот поставлены следующие задачи: описание и анализ произведения искусства, семантика орнаментации, идентификация разрозненных частей и предметов украшений, входящих в традиционный костюмный комплекс районов Бурятии. В исследовании были применены следующие методы: иконографический, иконологический, сравнительно-сопоставительный. Полный комплект женских украшений монгольских народов включает головные, шейные, нагрудные, наплечные, поясные и наручные изделия. В рамках статьи исследуются только головные и височно-нагрудные украшения. Рассматриваются женские и мужские серебряные навершия головных уборов и принципы их дифференциации. В статье проводится атрибуция украшений для выявления их принадлежности к определенной этногруппе бурят, так как в различных районах Бурятии и Монголии ансамблевое решение традиционного костюма отличалось вариативностью и художественным своеобразием разных племен и родов (цонголы, хори-буряты, сартулы и т. д.). Исследуются три монгольских образца женских украшений. Ставится вопрос дальнейших работ по каждой группе атрибутов женского многосоставного украшения с привлечением сопоставительного материала из разных музеев.This article examines the Mongolian female jewelry collection of the Kyakhta Local Museum amounting to almost a hundred and fifty items. The collection started with expeditions of the Russian Geographical Society in the early twentieth century and continued throughout the Soviet period when it was significantly enlarged with items from various regions of Buryatia. According to the museum’s documents, and most of the items are still unidentified, the collection consists of scattered items or their individual elements which need proper research and technical expertise. During their examination of the said items, the authors solve several problems, i.e. they analyse and describe the art piece, the semantics of the ornamentation, identify the scrambled elements and pieces of jewelry used in the traditional costume of the Buryat regions. The authors use the iconographic, iconological, and comparative methods. The full set of female jewelry for the Mongolian people adorns the head, the neck, the chest, the shoulders, the waist and both arms. The article only focuses on headpieces and items worn hanging from the temples all the way down to the chest. It includes the description of silver decorations used for the top of male and female hats, and techniques for their differentiation. The study attempts to attribute the jewelry to define its affiliation with a specific Buryat ethnic group, as different areas of Buryatia and Mongolia have their own variations and artistic identities expressed in the traditional costume of their tribes and families. The article describes three items of Mongolian female jewelry. The authors aim to continue the research by focusing on each group of female jewelry attire with reference to comparable material from different museums

Immune response to treatment in a severe factor VII deficient patient: characterization of the inhibitory antibody and epitope-mapping

-Background- At variance from Hemophilia, the development of inhibitory antibodies upon replacement therapy is very rare in coagulation factor VII (FVII) deficiency. So far, two cases have been reported and the inhibitory antibodies have not been characterized. Here, we investigate an anti-FVII inhibitory antibody that was developed at high titer (range 7-32 Bethesda Units) in a severe FVII deficient patient treated with rFVIIa or plasma-derived FVII. -Materials and Methods- Expression of recombinant FVII variants in BHK cells. Activated factor X (FXa) generation assays in plasma systems to assess FVII inhibition. ELISA-based assays to evaluate binding to FVII/FVIIa and competition. Bioplex 200 for IgG classification. -Results- The anti-FVII antibodies in patient’s plasma were polyclonal with a majority of IgG1. ELISA-based binding and competition assays showed that the antibodies recognized FVIIa (Kd 0.54±0.09 BU/ml) with higher affinity than FVII (Kd 0.77±0.07 BU/ml), thus pointing toward the hypothesis that rFVIIa was the major immunogen. Sequencing indicates that the patient was homozygous for the A294V-11125delC double mutation, which alters and extends the FVII carboxy-terminal sequence beyond position 404 and makes it different from that of the normal FVII. This information suggested the carboxyl terminal region of the normal molecule as a candidate epitope for the inhibitory antibodies. We therefore expressed the progressively truncated rFVII-406X, rFVII-405X and rFVII-404X variants that displayed a virtually normal specific activity. Upon incubation with the inhibitory antibodies the shortest variant showed the highest residual activity. As compared to that of rFVII-wt (12.4±0.8%), the FXa generation activity of the rFVII-406X, rFVII-405X and rFVII-404X variants were 28.1±8.9%, 25.1±9.9% and 56.5±6.7%, respectively. -Conclusions- This is the first characterization of an inhibitory antibody against FVII. The data obtained through the mutation-based approach support the carboxy-terminus region of FVII as a main functional epitope