Assessment of Antimicrobial Effect of Alcohol and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

As a result of the development of resistance of microorganisms to older antimicrobial agents there is need for a search for new agents, which are effective for the treatment of infections. The crude aqueous and alcoholic extr acts of Garcinia kola fruits were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results revealed that the plant extracts possess inhibitory effect against the microorganisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 20mg/ml and 45mg/ml. There was a change in the antibacterial activity of the test extracts on variation of temperature. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extract is thermal stable and could serve as a source of industrial drugs useful in chemotherapy of some microbial infections. Keywords: Garcinia kola, microorganisms, inhibitory, chemotherapy, dru

Evaluation of antibacterial properties of tannins isolated from Dichrostachys cinerea

Compounds of pharmacological interest (tannins) were isolated from Dichrostachys cinerea and assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella boydii, Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using the agar diffusion method. Tannins exhibited antibacterial activities against all the test microorganisms. Sh. flexneri was the most resistant to tannins isolated from the plant material followed by Sh. boydii, E. coli, Staph. aureus and P. aeruginosa respectively. Minimuminhibitory concentration of the tannins ranged between 4.0 and 5.5 mg/ml while the minimum bactericidal concentration ranged between 4.5 and 6.0 mg/ml

Assessment of Antimicrobial Effect of Alcohol and Aqueous Extracts of Garcinia kola on Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus cereus , Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia

As a result of the development of resistance of microorganisms to older antimicrobial agents there is need for a search for new agents, which are effective for the treatment of infections. The crude aqueous and alcoholic extr acts of Garcinia kola fruits were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results revealed that the plant extracts possess inhibitory effect against the microorganisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 20mg/ml and 45mg/ml. There was a change in the antibacterial activity of the test extracts on variation of temperature. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extract is thermal stable and could serve as a source of industrial drugs useful in chemotherapy of some microbial infections

Antimicrobial, Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Activities and Determination of the Total Tannin Content of Bark Extracts Endopleura uchi

Endopleura uchi is a typical Amazonian tree and its bark is popularly employed in the preparation of teas against myomas, arthritis, influenza, diarrhea and cancer. In this study, the antioxidant activity, cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of five different extracts of the bark, selected by their total tannin content, were assessed. The potential antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay and the values found were very similar among the extracts and to the standards antioxidants used in the tests. Cytotoxicity analysis in mammalian cells indicated that all the tested extracts exhibited IC50 values higher than the highest concentration used, showing that they do not present a risk when consumed under these conditions. Extract tested against five bacterial strains and one yeast strain did not show satisfactory growth inhibitory activity, and even the extracts that showed some antimicrobial activity were not effective at any dilution to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. The results may serve as a reference for subsequent works, since such reference values described in the literature for the bark of E. uchi

Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial assessment of Abutilon mauritianum, Bacopa monnifera and Datura stramonium

Three medicinal plants - Abutilon mauritianum, Bacopa monnifera and Datura stramonium were assessed for phytochemical components and antimicrobial activity. The results revealed that all the three plant extracts contained saponins, tannins and alkaloids. Only Daturastramonium contained glycosides. The plants exert varying inhibitory effects on Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumonia and Escherichia coli. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 10% (w/v) (Bacopa monnifera) and 25% (w/v) (A.mauritianum and D. stramonium). Extracts of Abutilon mauritianum, Bacopa monnifera andDatura stramonium could be potential sources of chemotherapeutic agents

Inhibition Of Growth Of Fungi In Cashew And Pawpaw Fruit Juices By Aframonium melegueta And Allium sativum Extracts

A study was conducted to investigate the antifungal effect of Aframomium melegueta and Allium sativum on the growth of three fungi – Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium digilatum and Mucor mucido in Cashew and pawpawjuices. The application of the extracts singly showed significant (P < 0.05) reduction of fungal biomass at 3%(v/v), 4%(v/v) and 5%(v/v). A combination of 2 % (v/v) each of both spice extracts retarded better. Partition columnchromatographic analysis revealed that ethanolic fraction of the plant produced the highest level of inhibition of growth of the test fungi compared with methanolic and petroleum ether fractions. Extracts of Aframomiummelegueta and Allium sativum may be used as preservatives in the processing of fruit juices.Key words: Antifungal, investigate, biomass, cashew, pawpaw, juice, inhibition, preservatives

Comparative Studies of Antimicrobial Properties of Cardiospermum Gradiflorum and Cardiospermum Halicacabum

Extracts of Cardiospermum gradiflorum and Cardiospermum halicacabumwere screened for antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Streptococcus viridans using the agar diffusion method. The two plants produced antimicrobial activities against all the test organisms. C. grandiflorum exhibited higher antimicrobial activity than C. Halicacabum. S.aureus was the most resistant to the extract of C. Gradiflorum among the organisms assayed while E. coli was the most resistant to the leaf extract of C. halicaca. The mimumum inhibitory concentration of the extracts ranged between 35mg/ml and 50mg/ml. Cardiospermum Gradiflorum could be a more effective antimicrobial agent than Cardiospermum halicaca.. Keywords: Extracts, antimicrobial activities, agar diffusion, resistant Nigerian Journal of Health and Biomedical Science Vol. 6 (1) 2007: pp.31-2

Antimicrobial Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Pistia Stratiotes

The antibacterial activity of ethanolic leaf extract of Pista stratiotes against Streptococcus species, Escherichia coli, Staphilococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae was studied by the agar diffusion and broth dilution methods. Streptococcus species was the most sensitive to the plant material while Escherichia coli was the most resistant. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extract ranged between 20% (w/v) and 50% (w/v). Thus extract of Pistia stratiotes could be useful as a source of antibiotics against some disease causing bacteria.KEY WORDS: Antibacterial, Inhibitory, Agar diffusion, Broth dilution, Sensitive, Resistan

Evaluation of phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina leaf extracts

Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub found in Nigeria, growing in backyard gardens and farmlands where it is popularly used as vegetable. The decoction has been used for bowel ailments and fresh cuts injuries. Aqueous, ethanolic, methanolic extracts of Vernonia amygdalina were examined for the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi. Leaf extracts of the plant contained glycosides, alkaloids, saponins and tannins. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracts against the test organisms is in the range of 15mg/ml to 45mg/ml. MIC values of 15mg/ml, 20mg/ml, 30mg/ml and 35mg/ml were recorded against methanol extract when the extract was assayed against E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia and S. typhi respectively. The results of this study suggests that extracts of Vernonia amygdalina could serve as a source of chemotherapeutic agent against the infections associated with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella typhi

Phytochemical studies and in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts of garcinia kola

As a result of the development of resistance of microorganisms to older antimicrobial agents, there is need for a search for new agents, which are effective for the treatment of infections. The crude aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Garcinia kola fruits were assayed against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results revealed that the plant extracts possess inhibitory effect against the microorganisms tested. The minimum inhibitory concentration of the plant extracts ranged between 20 mg/ml and 45 mg/ml. There was a change in the antibacterial activity of the test extracts on variation of temperature. The results obtained may suggest that the plant extract could serve as a source of industrial drugs useful in chemotherapy of some microbial infections