Kontribusi Kebun Plasma terhadap Keuntungan Kebun Ngabang PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII (Persero)

The purpose Of this study is to know how much of Contribution plasma estate concerning to Profit Ngabang Estate of PTP Nusantara XIII (Persero). Methods of reserch conducted is case research. Case researach is commit direct relationship between variable accourding to cause effect. The methods that use in this research is common size. Its making over number in loss/Profit balance become percentage. Database that use in this reasearch from accounting report of PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII (Persero) from 2007 to 2012 at Ngabang estate. Ngabang estate have 31,7% of plasma estate and 68,3% inti esatate. The age of palm oil estate with have average 29 years old. According result of research plasma estate have a negatif relation to profit of Ngabang esatate PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII (Persero) with percentage -161,91%. Its cause some factor, first advantage of amortisasi, second low productivity of palm oil caused the age too old. Third, Prices of plam oil comodity lower with the result next year must be relationship between plasma estate and inti estate has been loss. Beside that have suggestion the palm oil must be replanted and formation of Private managemet in plasma estate. Key Words : Contribution, Plasma, inti, Profi

Review of analytical techniques for the determination of lithium: From conventional to modern technique

Renewable energy development and usage have spread around the world. This issue occurs as part of attempts to minimize the world's reliance on increasingly finite fossil resources. This has accelerated the transition from fossil-fuel cars to battery-powered electric vehicles. Lithium is a critical component of the battery. As a result, the worldwide usage of lithium will rise as the use of lithium batteries rises. Therefore, a quick and precise technique for identifying lithium is critical in exploration to fulfill the worldwide demand for lithium. Furthermore, a reliable lithium test for monitoring medicine doses for people with bipolar illness and areas contaminated with lithium battery waste is required. Thus, this research presents critical views on the literature addressing various lithium monitoring strategies. This work then examines the progress of lithium technology using conventional, spectroscopic, and electrochemical methods. Furthermore, bibliometric analysis is used to identify trends in the future usage of the desired technology. This leads to the creation of analytical equipment and portable systems for lithium detection in geological exploration, environmental, and medical domains

Skrining Ketahanan Galur S1 Jagung Terhadap Penyakit Bulai Dan Pembentukan Galur S2 Tahan Penyakit Bulai

Biotic stress, especially downy mildew (Peronosclerospora philippinensis) incidence, is one of the most important constraints in the development of corn in the country, because it attack on young plant of susceptible varieties, it can cause damage up to 100%. Resistance screening of 84 of S1 maize lines to downy mildew and the formation of S2 lines resistant to downy mildew was conducted in Bajeng Experimental Farm at Gowa, South Sulawesi lasted from February to May 2013. This study aimed to screen the S1 lines resistant to downy mildew and forming S2 lines resistant to downy mildew. Four weeks before the S1 lines planted, the source of inoculum (Anoman variety) was planted in two rows around the test plot. One week after Anoman was planted, it was sprayed with a conidial suspension of the fungus P. philipinensis in the early morning. Three weeks after inoculation of Anoman, 84 of S1 lines to be screened for downy mildew were planted. In this test, resistant check MR14 and susceptible check Anoman was included, each planted in two rows along the 5 m, a spacing of 75 x 25 cm with two replications. Urea fertilizer was used at a dose of 350 kg/ha and Ponska with a dose of 300 kg/ha. Observation of the percentage of downy mildew incidence started at 30 days after planting. The results showed that only three lines and MR14 resistant showed moderately resistant to downy mildew. Percentage of disease incidence ranged from 36–100 percent. However, from this test a number of 580 S2 lines resistant to downy mildew were obtained

Genetic Diversity of S3 Maize Genotypes Resistant to Downy Mildew Based on Ssr Markers

The compulsory requirement for releasing new high yielding maize varieties is resistance to downy mildew. The study aimed to determine the level of homozygosity, genetic diversity, and genetic distance of 30 S3 genotypes of maize. Number of primers to be used were 30 polymorphic SSR loci which are distributed over the entire maize genomes. The S3 genotypes used were resistant to downy mildew with homozygosity level of >80%, genetic distance between the test and tester strains >0.7, and anthesis silking interval (ASI) between inbred lines and tester lines was maximum 3 days. The results showed that 30 SSR primers used were spread evenly across the maize genomes which were manifested in the representation of SSR loci on each chromosome of a total of 10 chromosomes. The levels of polymorphism ranged from 0.13 to 0.78, an average of 0.51, and the number of alleles ranged from 2 to 8 alleles per SSR locus, an average of 4 alleles per SSR locus. The size of nucleotides in each locus also varied from 70 to 553 bp. Cophenetic correlation value (r) at 0.67 indicated that the Unweighted Pair-Group Method Using Arithmetic Averages (UPGMA) was less reliable for differentiating genotypes in five groups. Of the total of 30 genotypes analyzed, 17 genotypes had homozygosity level of >80% so it can be included in the hybrid assembly program

Karakteristik Ekologi Dan Aspek Silvikultur Eboni (Diospyros Celebica Bakh.) Sulawesi Selatan

This paper describes the ebony (Diospyros celebica Bakh.)site characteristics in Amaro Forest,Barru District, South Sulawesi including its secondary succession to create a favourable conditions for stand establishment. Association analysis shows that a wide variety of lowland species have been identified grows together with the ebony.Physical characteristics rather than chemical fertility of soils show a great value in supporting ebony stand growth.Poor stand with low natural regeneration of these remaining fragmented forests suggest the need to apply enrichment planting and improvement cutting to increase their productivity

The Abundance of Ornamental Corals After Mass Die Off in 1997 on the Padang Shelf Reef System, West Sumatera, Indonesia

The Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries aims to establish export quota ornamental corals based on scientifically-founded data from the natural environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the abundance of ornamental coral after mass die off in 1997. Ornamental corals were classified into three groups based on the guideline of ornamental coral propagation for trading purposes. Classification categories are rapid (3-6 months), middle (8-12 months), and slow growth rate (>24 months), which relates to their harvesting time when transplanted for the trade purpose. The survey method used line intercept transects to get coral condition data and belt transect with 2 m width to get ornamental coral data. Both line and belt transect have 30 m length and with three replicates. The study showed number of colony and abundance of ornamental coral for fast growth rate group such as Acropora sp (1348 col & 7.49 col/m2), Galaxea sp, Hydnophora exesa, H. microconus, Pocillopora damicornis, Stylopora sp and Montipora sp with the highest abundant found on Acropora sp and Montipora sp (1348 col & 7.49 col/m2). Whereas the coral which from middle growth rate were Leptoseris sp, Pavona sp, Platygyra sp, Favia sp, Favites sp with the highest abundant found on Favia sp (101 col & 0.56 col/m2). Coral species typically used for ornamental coral trade within the slow growth rate category such massive coral were not found on this survey. Due to the massive coral die-off in 1997 and the paucity of ornamental corals, the utilization of ornamental coral should be supported by coral transplantation and the broodstock of slow growth of coral taken from other area

Quality of life satisfaction among converted Kelantan Chinese Muslims

This article investigates the quality of life of the Kelantan Chinese Muslim community before and after conversion to Islam, focusing on their level of satisfaction in term of economic aspect. This research was carried out using the sequential explanatory mixed method design involving 75 respondents selected for quantitative and five respondents for qualitative. The sampling method adopted was convenience and snowball samplings. The research data was collected using questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. The results revealed that respondents were moderately satisfied before conversion and satisfied after conversion. Besides that, there is no significant difference of quality of life before and after conversion to Islam (F = 0.868, p = 0.355) and it was not influenced by the period of conversion to Islam (F = 0.832, p = 0.589). This analysis indicates numerous respondents are still moderately satisfied in their quality of life even though the average data shows they are satisfied after conversion

Potential of carica papaya seed-derived bio-coagulant to remove turbidity from polluted water assessed through experimental and modeling-based study

It is important to develop renewable bio-coagulants to treat turbid water and efficient use of these bio-coagulants requires process optimization to achieve robustness. This study was conducted to optimize the coagulation process using bio-coagulant of deshelled Carica papaya seeds by employing response surface methodology (RSM). This bio-coagulant was extracted by a chemical-free solvent. The experiments were conducted using the Central Composite Design (CCD). Initially, the functional groups and protein content of the bio-coagulant were analyzed. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis showed that the bio-coagulant contained OH, C=O and C-O functional groups, which enabled the protein to become polyelectrolyte. The highest efficiency of the bio-coagulant was obtained at dosage of 196 mg/L, pH 4.0 and initial turbidity of 500 NTU. At the optimum conditions, the bio-coagulant achieved 88% turbidity removal with a corresponding 83% coagulation activity. These findings suggested that the deshelled Carica papaya seeds have potential as a promising bio-coagulant in treating the polluted water