Fermion zero modes in the vortex background of a Chern-Simons-Higgs theory with a hidden sector

In this paper we study a $2+1$ dimensional system in which fermions are coupled to the self-dual topological vortex in $U(1) \times U(1)$ Chern-Simons theory, where both $U(1)$ gauge symmetries are spontaneously broken. We consider two Abelian Higgs scalars with visible and hidden sectors coupled to a fermionic field through three interaction Lagrangians, where one of them violates the fermion number. Using a fine tuning procedure, we could obtain the number of the fermionic zero modes which is equal to the absolute value of the sum of the vortex numbers in the visible and hidden sectors.Comment: 10 page

Shocks in sand flowing in a silo

We study the formation of shocks on the surface of a granular material draining through an orifice at the bottom of a quasi-two dimensional silo. At high flow rates, the surface is observed to deviate strongly from a smooth linear inclined profile giving way to a sharp discontinuity in the height of the surface near the bottom of the incline, the typical response of a choking flow such as encountered in a hydraulic jump in a Newtonian fluid like water. We present experimental results that characterize the conditions for the existence of such a jump, describe its structure and give an explanation for its occurrence.Comment: 5 pages, 7 figure

Automated Analysis of Intracranial Aneurysm Morphology and Dynamics from CTA Data

The worst headache of his life, a sudden onset of severe headache accompanied by nausea, blurred vision, stiff neck and loss of consciousness, happened when he was simply at home doing daily activities. He had no symptoms before it happened and after he was taken to the hospital, he was diagnosed with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. Cerebrovascular diseases, mainly stroke, are the second leading causes of death worldwide according to the WHO. Approximately 5% to 15% of stroke cases have aneurismal origin with a 30-day mortality rate of 45%. Among the survivors 30% has moderate-to-severe disabilities . No less than an estimated 2% of the population has an intracranial aneurysm but fortunately only a few of them rupture, with an annual estimated risk of 0.7% . Research shows that most aneurysms are small and 50% to 80% of them do not rupture during the course of a person’s life. Between 10% to 30% of the patients have multiple aneurysms

Covert Communication over Classical-Quantum Channels

The square root law (SRL) is the fundamental limit of covert communication over classical memoryless channels (with a classical adversary) and quantum lossy-noisy bosonic channels (with a quantum-powerful adversary). The SRL states that $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{n})$ covert bits, but no more, can be reliably transmitted in $n$ channel uses with $\mathcal{O}(\sqrt{n})$ bits of secret pre-shared between the communicating parties. Here we investigate covert communication over general memoryless classical-quantum (cq) channels with fixed finite-size input alphabets, and show that the SRL governs covert communications in typical scenarios. %This demonstrates that the SRL is achievable over any quantum communications channel using a product-state transmission strategy, where the transmitted symbols in every channel use are drawn from a fixed finite-size alphabet. We characterize the optimal constants in front of $\sqrt{n}$ for the reliably communicated covert bits, as well as for the number of the pre-shared secret bits consumed. We assume a quantum-powerful adversary that can perform an arbitrary joint (entangling) measurement on all $n$ channel uses. However, we analyze the legitimate receiver that is able to employ a joint measurement as well as one that is restricted to performing a sequence of measurements on each of $n$ channel uses (product measurement). We also evaluate the scenarios where covert communication is not governed by the SRL

A method to provide high volume transaction outputs accessibility to vision Impaired using layout analysis

The Documents in the financial services, insurance, utilities, and government sectors typically require a high volume of PDF documents to be generated which are stored for presentment or archived for legal purposes. As high volume transactional output (HVTO) demands put increasing pressure on online presentment capabilities, accessibility has become a growing concern. In particular, access to these files proposes significant challenges when these documents are presented to visually impaired people using assistive technologies (i.e. screen readers). Since it is rare that all recipients are prepared to accept electronic delivery of their documents, a large portion of the documents is still printed as PDFs. In an online billing system, bills are sent to customers’ email accounts as attached PDF files or HTML links. These bills in the most cases are neither accessible through assistive technologies nor useable by vision-impaired customers. This paper provides a method for HVTO documents automatic transformation to an accessible and navigable Mark-up format such as XML or Digital Accessible Information System (DAISY)

Construction of Novel Phytochelatins by Overlap Oligonucleotides

Synthetic phytochelatins are protein analogs of phytochelatin with similar heavy metal binding affinities that can be easily produced from a synthetic DNA template. We design synthetic phytochelatin [(Glu-Cys)n Gly] linked to hexahistidine by viral linker peptide and then followed by gene synthesis and cloning of it. Then peptide coding gene (synthetic phytochelatin with linker and hexahistidine) was designed exactly and constructed with step by step methods by overlapping oligonucleotides using T4 DNA Ligase. Finally, synthesized gene amplified by PCR, cloned in pTZ57R/T and transformed to Escherichia coli (DH5α). The results of sequencing show that some types of synthetic phytochelatin (EC4, EC12, and EC20) with linker and hexahistidine were constructed and cloned in vector

Lemon Juice as a Natural Catalyse for Synthesis of Shiff’s base: A Green Chemistry Approach

The advantages of the use of natural catalysts are eco-friendly, inexpensive, high yields, nonhazardous and short reaction times. The utilization of green chemistry techniques is the elimination of solvents during chemical processes or the replacement of hazardous solvents with environmentally friendly solvents. Green chemistry has used for the synthesis of Schiff bases. Synthesis of Schiff base is carried out the mixture of aldehyde (or ketone) and amine in organic medium with or without an acid catalyst. He presents study Uses Lemon juice as a natural and eco-friendly catalyst in the green chemistry investigated. The synthesized product was characterized by its physical properties, melting point, TLC and then subjected to the in vitro antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative strains of microbes

General conditions for scale-invariant perturbations in an expanding universe

We investigate the general properties of expanding cosmological models which generate scale-invariant curvature perturbations in the presence of a variable speed of sound. We show that in an expanding universe, generation of a super-Hubble, nearly scale-invariant spectrum of perturbations over a range of wavelengths consistent with observation requires at least one of three conditions: (1) accelerating expansion, (2) a speed of sound faster than the speed of light, or (3) super-Planckian energy density.Comment: 4 pages, RevTe

Practical segmentation methods for logical and geometric layout analysis to Improve scanned PDF accessibility to vision impaired

The use of electronic documents has rapidly increased in recent decades and the PDF is one the most commonly used electronic document formats. A scanned PDF is an image and does not actually contain any text. For the vision–impaired user who is dependent upon a screen reader to access this information, this format is not useful. Thus addressing PDF accessibility through assistive technology has now become an important concern. PDF layout analysis provides precious formatting information that supports PDF component classification. This classification facilitates the tag generation. Accurate tagging produces a searchable and navigable scanned PDF document. This paper describes several practical segmentation methods which are easy to implement and efficient for PDF layout analysis so that the scanned PDF document can be navigated or searched using assistive technologies