Rituals and Beliefs of the Karisal Region People in the Works of K. Rajanarayanan

Regional literature is one of the emerging disciplines of today. Regional writers create their work to reflect the lifestyles of the people in their community. In that aspect, in the writings of K. Rajanarayanan, the pioneer writer of the Karisal region, the people of the Karisal region are only included. In all of his works, KR has recorded his own soil, people, and also their roots. He narrates soulful stories without embellishing them decoratively. Beliefs are created by people, and those people are protected by society. Rituals and beliefs play a major role in man's perception of himself and society. Since the primary occupation of the Karisal people was agriculture, they were in close contact with nature. During the festivals, these people imprint the design of the trident "Sulam Saathi" on the back of a beautiful calf and bestow it on the temples. In the wedding rituals of these people, the wedding will take place over three days. The bride and groom will be led in a procession. The ritual will be held during the day. In his works, KR mentions in his literary works that these people are emigrants from the Telugu state and have high faith in Perumal and will go to see him only after God appears in a dream and invites them. Rain is man's lifeblood, and life cannot exist without it. Life will be questionable if it does not rain. The people of the Karisal region, who consider agriculture as their main occupation, are forced into extreme poverty because of severe drought when the monsoon season fails. These people, who depend on the rain for their livelihood, perform some rituals to make it rain. There was a belief among the people that if they went from house to house together and poured the cooked porridge of various grains into a bowl, mixed it together, and drank it as rain porridge, it would rain. They do not forget the soil, whether it rains or doesn’t rain. As they set up their lives depending on the soil, the affectionate feeling they have for the soil can be traced back to the role of the Annarapaakka gounder. The purpose of this article is to explore the rituals and beliefs mixed with the life of the Karisal region in the works of K.R

IN-VITRO-ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF N-BUTANOL EXTRACT OF SESAMUM INDICUM

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of n-Butanol extract of black sesame seeds on the enzymes α- amylase andα- glucosidase followed by its Total antioxidant capacity.Methods: The Black sesame seeds were extracted in n-Butanol, powdered and stored for future studies. Phytochemical analysis was performed todetect the presence of many phytochemicals. The extracts were screened Alpha-amylase inhibition assay and Alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay. Thetotal antioxidant capacity of the n-Butanolic extract was evaluated by the phosphomolybdenum method. Results: The obtained results showed the high alpha-glucosidase inhibitory affect than the alpha-amylase inhibition when compared to standardacarbose. Even the Total antioxidant capacity was equivalent when compared with the standard Ascorbic acid values.Conclusions: Based on the results, it can be concluded that Sesamum indicum herb has potential phyochemicals which can be used to reduce thepostprandial hyperglycemia by inhibiting carbohydrates metabolizing enzymes α- amylase and α- glucosidase, and also to combat the free radicals byits anti-oxidant activity.Keywords: Black sesame seeds, n-butanol, Alpha-amylase inhibition assay, Alpha-glucosidase inhibition assay, Phosphomolybdenum reduction

A clinical study of nail changes in papulosquamous disorder

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE OF STUDY: Nails have both functional as well as aesthetic importance. Despite being a small anatomical unit it is afflicted by a variety of diseases. Papulosquamous disorder is a heterogeneous group of diseases, whose nosology is based on the morphology of clinical lesions which is dominated by scaly papules and plaques. The major diseases included in this group are psoriasis, parapsoriasis, lichen planus, lichen nitidus, lichen striatus, pityriasis rosea, pityriasis rubra pilaris, parapsoriasis and pityriasis lichenoides which are characterised by skin and nails lesions. Nail changes in papulosquamous disorder have been inadequately discussed and only limited studies are present. This study aims to throw some light about frequency of nail involvement in papulosquamous disorders and its various patterns. METHODOLOGY: All patients with papulosquamous disorders diagnosed clinically as per ICD 10 Classification attending the OPD in our Department, from June 2016 to June 2017 were included in the study. Each patient underwent detailed dermatological examination with special attention to nail, after obtaining informed consent. Then a detailed history including age of onset, duration of disease and any relevant co- morbid illness were obtained. General, systemic and dermatological examinations were done. Nails were examined in detail. Routine blood investigations like CBC, LFT, and RFT were done for needed patients. Special investigations like skin biopsy and potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount was done in relevant cases. RESULT: There were 104 cases of papulosquamous disorder with a male to female ratio of 1.2 : 1 found. Most of the cases belonged to the age group of 31-45 years. The most common papulosquamous disorder was psoriasis, followed by lichen planus and PRP. The least common were PLC and Parapsoriasis. 61.5% had nail changes. Out of these the most common nail change observed was pitting (51.9%), followed by subungual hyperkeratosis and least common was pterygium. Average number of nail involvement was maximum for psoriasis followed by PRP. 7.8% of patients had associated onychomycosis. 10.6% of psoriasis patients had associated joint involvement. Concomitant associations with atopy (18.8% ), diabetes mellitus (9.4%) and systemic hypertension (13.2%) were seen among the patients with papulosquamous disorder. CONCLUSION: The clinical significance of nail changes in association with the papulosquamous disorders is established beyond doubt. Particular localization of specific pattern enables the clinician to differentiate between various papulosquamous disorders. Correlation of the nail changes helps dermatologist to reach conclusive diagnosis and thus assist in early diagnosis and effective management

Effectiveness of acharya technique on low back pain among nurses working in ICU and OT at Selected Hospitals, Chennai

A Study to assess the effectiveness of Acharya Technique on low back pain among nurses working in ICU and OT at Selected Hospitals, Chennai. OBJECTIVES : 1. To assess the low back pain among nurses before and after intervention. 2. To assess the effectiveness of Acharya Technique on low back pain among nurses. 3. To find association between post interventional level of low back pain with the selected demographic and clinical variables. OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS : ASSESS : It is the act of gathering information regarding reduction of low back pain before and after administration of Acharya Technique (stretching exercise) and analyzing the data using statistical methods. EFFECTIVENESS : It refers to the outcome of Acharya Technique on low back pain which is measured in terms of difference of pain perception among ICU and OT nurses. ACHARYA TECHNIQUE : Simple self treating stretching exercises which involves flexor, extensor and oblique muscles, consists of five steps each of a half a minute duration to reduce low back pain among nurses in ICU and OT. LOW BACK PAIN : It refers to discomfort experienced at lower back by the nurses working in ICU and OT set up. It is measured in terms of Numerical pain scale and Modified Roland - Morriss low back pain disability index. NURSES A person who has successfully completed any one of the program such as Diploma in General Nursing and Midwifery, Bachelor of Science in Nursing, Master of Science in Nursing and working in intensive care unit and operation theatre. INTENSIVE CARE UNIT : A high dependency critical care unit which caters to the intensive medical & surgical needs of adult patients. OPERATION THEATRE : A surgical suite which caters to the dependent patients referred for surgical correction. HYPOTHESIS : H01: There will be no significant difference in low back pain of nurses in ICU and OT between experimental and control group. ASSUMPTIONS : 1. Long hours of standing in ICU and OT may cause low back pain among staff nurses. 2. Acharya Technique will be effective in reducing low back pain among staff nurses working in ICU and OT. 3. Low back pain among staff nurses will be influenced by demographic and clinical variables. DELIMITATIONS : 1. The sample size is limited to 60 nurses. 2. The study is delimited to the nurses working in selected setting ( ICU and OT). 3. The duration of study is delimited to four weeks. PROJECTED OUTCOME : 1. The study will help to identify the effectiveness of Acharya Technique on low back pain among nurses. 2. The study findings will help to make recommendations to nurses to practice Acharya Technique

A Machine Learning-Driven Framework for Real Time Detection and Prevention of Replica Node Attacks in Wireless Sensor Networks

Mobile devices and wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are increasingly vulnerable to security threats such as unauthorized access and replica node attacks. Mobile devices face risks from replication and anomalous behavior, while attackers compromise WSNs by cloning legitimate nodes, thus threatening network integrity. Traditional security mechanisms often fall short in detecting such sophisticated threats, especially in resource-constrained environments. This research proposes a dual-component security system. A Machine Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for WSNs leverages Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to detect replica nodes through structural network analysis and applies Federated Learning to preserve data privacy. The Sequential Probability Ratio Test (SPRT) enables swift anomaly detection, while lightweight algorithms improve energy efficiency.Additionally, the proposed History of Neighbor Node (HNN) technique enhances detection accuracy by recognizing replica nodes at both local and global levels, even under varying mobility constraints. On mobile devices, anomaly detection models such as Isolation Forest (99% accuracy), Support Vector Machine (90%), and Random Forest (86%) monitor user behavior to identify unauthorized access. A real-time alert mechanism notifies authorized personnel of potential threats. Overall, the system presents a scalable, energy-efficient, and high-accuracy approach to safeguard mobile devices and WSNs against dynamic replication-based threats

AWARENESS, KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE TOWARDS PHARMACOVIGILANCE AMONG MEDICAL GRADUATES IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA.

Objectives: As an ever growing scale people are using newer and more effective drugs for various medical conditions. Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are preventable if the health-care professional pays close attention to the details of the adverse effects, following a drug administration. Awareness about ADRs can decrease the irrational use of drugs. Hence, there is an urgent need to create awareness among the prescribers about the ADR monitoring. Hence, this study is undertaken to assess the awareness, knowledge, and attitude toward Pharmacovigilance among the future health-care professionals.Methods: Questionnaire-based study was conducted in a tertiary health-care hospital after getting approval from the Institutional Ethical Committee. The questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and practice of Pharmacovigilance activity. The questions were distributed to the final year students, interns, and postgraduate's students and allowed to write down the answers independently. Each correct answer was given a score of ‘1,' whereas the incorrect/incomplete was given a score of 0.â€Results and Conclusion: The study reported that awareness (UGs - 53.3%, interns - 54.9%, PGs - 30.75) was adequate among undergraduates and interns, in the knowledge part (UGs-65.5%, interns - 35.4%, PGs - 9.2%), undergraduates excel far than the interns and PGs. However, in the application of Pharmacovigilance (UG - 22.2%, interns - 59.8%, PGs - 63.1%) postgraduates and interns fair better than the undergraduates. Hence, there is need to increase the awareness and also increase the ADR reporting practice among medical graduates

Impact of deficit irrigation management and growth retardants application on yield attributes and yield of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) variety VRI8

Groundnut, an important oilseed crop, requires effective management such as maintaining less oil moisture content and providing growth retardant chemicals to prevent pre-harvest sprouting, which can adversely affect yield. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai, in the early summer of 2024 to evaluate the impact of growth retardants and deficit irrigation on the sprouting of groundnut kernels. The study included three irrigation strategies: conventional irrigation and two deficit regimes with irrigation withheld from 90 to 105 DAS (Days After Sowing) and 85 to 100 DAS. Additionally, growth retardants [maleic hydrazide (MH) @ 1250 ppm, cycocel (CCC) @ 1000 ppm, abscisic acid (ABA) @ 750 ppm, and salicylic acid (SA) @ 750 ppm] were sprayed at 75 and 90 DAS. Results showed that MH @ 1250 ppm was the most effective treatment for inducing dormancy. A split-plot design was used. Withholding irrigation from 90 to 105 DAS also significantly increased pod yield by reducing pod loss due to field sprouting. The combination of MH @ 1250 ppm and no irrigation from 90 to 105 DAS resulted in a pod yield of 2776 kg ha-1, which was higher than the control plot. The foliar application of MH @ 1250 ppm combined with irrigation withdrawal from 90 to 105 DAS emerged as the most effective method for inducing dormancy in groundnut, resulting in a substantial reduction in pod loss and enhanced pod yield, as well as seed storage potential. The reduction in soil moisture content during the harvest stage, combined with changes in hormonal activities, significantly impacts seed sprouting. These factors can lead to stress conditions that inhibit germination, ultimately affecting crop yields. Addressing these issues is crucial for ensuring optimal seed development and enhancing agricultural productivity

Phytotherapeutic control of food borne pathogens by Jasminum sambac L. flowers

Objective: This study is aimed to determine the antibacterial effect of Jasminum sambac against foodborne pathogens.Methods: Antibacterial activity of methanol and chloroform extract of J. sambac flowers against foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella flexeneri, Salmonella serovar enterica Typhi, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) were performed using disc diffusion method and their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was also determined. The preliminary phytochemical screening and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopic (GC-MS) analysis of methanol and chloroform extract of J. sambac was analyzed using GC Clarus 500 Perkin Elmer System and gas chromatograph interfaced with a mass spectrometer.Results: Phytochemical and GC-MS studies revealed the presence of bioactive compounds and found to possess antibacterial activity against foodborne pathogens.Conclusion: The present study supports the possible use of these phytotherapeutic agents in the clinical management of foodborne diseases.Keywords: GC-MS analysis, Foodborne pathogens, Jasminum sambac L., Antibacterial activit

Characterization of Super Strongly Perfect Graphs in Chordal and Strongly Chordal Graphs

A Graph G is Super Strongly Perfect Graph if every induced sub graph H of G possesses a minimal dominating set that meets all the maximal complete sub graphs of H. In this paper, we have investigated the characterization of Super Strongly Perfect graphs using odd cycles. We have given the characterization of Super Strongly Perfect graphs in chordal and strongly chordal graphs. We have presented the results of Chordal graphs in terms of domination and co - domination numbers γ and . We have given the relationship between diameter, domination and co - domination numbers of chordal graphs. Also we have analysed the structure of Super Strongly Perfect Graph in Chordal graphs and Strongly Chordal graphs

Renewable power interface based rural telecom

To power remote area telecom where grid supplied electricity is unreliable, an alternative exists in the form of renewable energy sources. These sources mainly rely on the weather condition of a particular area for their source of power. To overcome such problem, hybridization of energy sources are prefered. Hybridization of solar-wind systems use a separate converter for each source thus leading to a complex, bulky and less efficient system. This paper presents a single renewable power interface which allows solar and wind  sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. It uses cuk and sepic converter topologies to form cuk-seic interfece. These systems  also use battery backup to store excess energy and to make best use of their operating characteristics. Performance comparison between a cuk-sepic renewable power interface with and without MPPT using MATLAB/SIMULINK is presented. A detailed componentwise analysis is also done to calculate best efficient interface. It is found that the cuk-sepic interface with MPPT is efficient. A lab level model for cuk-sepic interface is developed and tested. The experimental results proved the effective operation of a single renewable power cuk-sepic interface with MPPT.